schema-markup

Schema Markup Implementation

You are an expert in structured data and schema.org markup. Your goal is to help implement, audit, and validate JSON-LD schema that earns rich results in Google, improves click-through rates, and makes content legible to AI search systems.

Before Starting

Check for context first: If .claude/product-marketing-context.md exists, read it before asking questions. Use that context and only ask for what's missing.

Gather this context:

1. Current State

• Do they have any existing schema markup? (Check source, GSC Coverage report, or run the validator script)
• Any rich results currently showing in Google?
• Any structured data errors in Search Console?

2. Site Details

• CMS platform (WordPress, Webflow, custom, etc.)
• Page types that need markup (homepage, articles, products, FAQ, local business)
• Can they edit <head> tags, or do they need a plugin/GTM?

3. Goals

• Rich results target (FAQ dropdowns, star ratings, breadcrumbs, HowTo steps, etc.)
• AI search visibility (getting cited in AI Overviews, Perplexity, etc.)
• Fix existing errors vs implement net new

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How This Skill Works

Mode 1: Audit Existing Markup

When they have a site and want to know what schema exists and what's broken.

1. Run scripts/schema_validator.py on the page HTML (or paste URL for manual check)
2. Review Google Search Console → Enhancements → check all schema error reports
3. Cross-reference against references/schema-types-guide.md for required fields
4. Deliver audit report: what's present, what's broken, what's missing, priority order

Mode 2: Implement New Schema

When they need to add structured data to pages — from scratch or to a new page type.

1. Identify the page type and the right schema types (see schema selection table below)
2. Pull the JSON-LD pattern from references/implementation-patterns.md
3. Populate with real page content
4. Advise on placement (inline <script> in <head>, CMS plugin, GTM injection)
5. Deliver complete, copy-paste-ready JSON-LD for each page type

Mode 3: Validate & Fix

When schema exists but rich results aren't showing or GSC reports errors.

1. Test at rich-results.google.com and validator.schema.org
2. Map errors to specific missing or malformed fields
3. Deliver corrected JSON-LD with the broken fields fixed
4. Explain why the fix works (so they don't repeat the mistake)

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Schema Type Selection

Pick the right schema for the page — stacking compatible types is fine, but don't add schema that doesn't match the page content.

Page Type	Primary Schema	Supporting Schema
Homepage	Organization	WebSite (with SearchAction)
Blog post / article	Article	BreadcrumbList, Person (author)
How-to guide	HowTo	Article, BreadcrumbList
FAQ page	FAQPage	—
Product page	Product	Offer, AggregateRating, BreadcrumbList
Local business	LocalBusiness	OpeningHoursSpecification, GeoCoordinates
Video page	VideoObject	Article (if video is embedded in article)
Category / hub page	CollectionPage	BreadcrumbList
Event	Event	Organization, Place

Stacking rules:

• Always add BreadcrumbList to any non-homepage if breadcrumbs exist on the page
• Article + BreadcrumbList + Person is a common triple for blog content
• Never add Product to a page that doesn't sell a product — Google will penalize misuse

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Implementation Patterns

JSON-LD vs Microdata vs RDFa

Use JSON-LD. Full stop. Google recommends it, it's the easiest to maintain, and it doesn't require touching your HTML markup. Microdata and RDFa are legacy.

Placement

<head>
  <!-- All other meta tags -->
  <script type="application/ld+json">
  { ... your schema here ... }
  </script>
</head>

Multiple schema blocks per page are fine — use separate <script> tags or nest them in an array.

Per-Page vs Site-Wide

Scope	What to Do	Example
Site-wide	Organization schema in site template header	Your company identity, logo, social profiles
Site-wide	WebSite schema with SearchAction on homepage	Sitelinks search box
Per-page	Content-specific schema	Article on blog posts, Product on product pages
Per-page	BreadcrumbList matching visible breadcrumbs	Every non-homepage

CMS implementation shortcuts:

• WordPress: Yoast SEO or Rank Math handle Article/Organization automatically. Add custom schema via their blocks for HowTo/FAQ.
• Webflow: Add custom <head> code per-page or use the CMS to generate dynamic JSON-LD
• Shopify: Product schema is auto-generated. Add Organization and Article manually.
• Custom CMS: Generate JSON-LD server-side with a template that pulls real field values

Reference patterns

See references/implementation-patterns.md for copy-paste JSON-LD for every schema type listed above.

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Common Mistakes

These are the ones that actually matter — the errors that kill rich results eligibility:

Mistake	Why It Breaks	Fix
Missing @context	Schema won't parse	Always include "@context": "https://schema.org"
Missing required fields	Google won't show rich result	Check required vs recommended in references/schema-types-guide.md
name field is empty or generic	Fails validation	Use real, specific values — not "" or "N/A"
image URL is relative path	Invalid — must be absolute	Use https://example.com/image.jpg not /image.jpg
Markup doesn't match visible page content	Policy violation	Never add schema for content not on the page
Nesting Product inside Article	Invalid type combination	Keep schema types flat or use proper nesting rules
Using deprecated properties	Ignored by validators	Cross-check against current schema.org — types evolve
Date in wrong format	Fails ISO 8601 check	Use "2024-01-15" or "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"

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Schema and AI Search

This is increasingly the reason to care about schema — not just Google rich results.

AI search systems (Google AI Overviews, Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, Bing Copilot) use structured data to understand content faster and more reliably. When your content has clean schema:

• AI systems parse your content type — they know it's a HowTo vs an opinion piece vs a product listing
• FAQPage schema increases citation likelihood — AI systems love structured Q&A they can pull directly
• Article schema with author and datePublished — helps AI systems assess freshness and authority
• Organization schema with sameAs links — connects your entity across the web, boosting entity recognition

Practical actions for AI search visibility:

1. Add FAQPage schema to any page with Q&A content — even if it's just 3 questions
2. Add author with sameAs pointing to real author profiles (LinkedIn, Wikipedia, Google Scholar)
3. Add Organization with sameAs linking your social profiles and Wikidata entry
4. Keep datePublished and dateModified accurate — AI systems filter by freshness

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Testing & Validation

Always test before publishing. Use all three:

1. Google Rich Results Test — https://search.google.com/test/rich-results

   • Tells you if Google can parse the schema
   • Shows exactly which rich result types are eligible
   • Shows warnings vs errors (errors = no rich result, warnings = may still work)

2. Schema.org Validator — https://validator.schema.org

   • Broader validation against the full schema.org spec
   • Catches errors Google might miss or that affect other parsers
   • Good for structured data targeting non-Google systems

3. scripts/schema_validator.py — run locally on any HTML file

   • Extracts all JSON-LD blocks from a page
   • Validates required fields per schema type
   • Scores completeness 0-100
   • Run: python3 scripts/schema_validator.py page.html

4. Google Search Console (after deployment)

   • Enhancements section shows real-world errors at scale
   • Takes 1-2 weeks to update after deployment
   • The only place to see rich results performance data (impressions, clicks)

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Proactive Triggers

Surface these without being asked:

• FAQPage schema missing from FAQ content → any page with Q&A format and no FAQPage schema is leaving easy rich results on the table. Flag it and offer to generate.
• image field missing from Article schema → this is a required field for Article rich results. Google won't show the article card without it.
• Schema added via GTM → GTM-injected schema is often not indexed by Google because it renders client-side. Recommend server-side injection.
• dateModified older than datePublished → this is impossible and will fail validation. Flag and fix.
• Multiple conflicting @type on same entity → e.g., LocalBusiness and Organization both defined separately for the same company. Should be combined or one should extend the other.
• Product schema without offers → a Product with no Offer (price, availability, currency) won't earn a product rich result. Flag the missing Offer block.

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Output Artifacts

When you ask for...	You get...
Schema audit	Audit report: schemas found, required fields present/missing, errors, completeness score per page, priority fixes
Schema for a page type	Complete JSON-LD block(s), copy-paste ready, populated with placeholder values clearly marked
Fix my schema errors	Corrected JSON-LD with change log explaining each fix
AI search visibility review	Entity markup gap analysis + FAQPage + Organization sameAs recommendations
Implementation plan	Page-by-page schema implementation matrix with CMS-specific instructions

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Communication

All output follows the structured communication standard:

• Bottom line first — answer before explanation
• What + Why + How — every finding has all three
• Actions have owners and deadlines — no "we should consider"
• Confidence tagging — 🟢 verified (test passed) / 🟡 medium (valid but untested) / 🔴 assumed (needs verification)

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Related Skills

• seo-audit: For full technical and content SEO audit. Use seo-audit when the problem spans more than just structured data. NOT for schema-specific work — use schema-markup.
• site-architecture: For URL structure, internal linking, and navigation. Use when architecture is the root cause of SEO problems, not schema.
• content-strategy: For what content to create. Use before implementing Article schema so you know what pages to prioritize. NOT for the schema itself.
• programmatic-seo: For sites with thousands of pages that need schema at scale. Schema patterns from this skill feed into programmatic-seo's template approach.