[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"skill:01M72Y4PM52FS2WHHJGXVR6ASV":3,"skill-same:01M72Y4PM52FS2WHHJGXVR6ASV":48},{"skillNo":4,"name":5,"nameZh":6,"description":7,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":16,"categories":17,"keywords":18,"publishedAt":19,"linkOnly":20,"markdownContent":21,"markdownBody":22,"frontMatter":23,"refName":25,"commitSha":26,"skillDirectory":27,"forksCount":28,"repositoryHtmlUrl":29,"repositoryHomepageUrl":6,"ownerHtmlUrl":30,"ownerBlogUrl":31,"ownerDescription":32,"updatedAt":33,"install":34,"resources":47},"01M72Y4PM52FS2WHHJGXVR6ASV","kotlin-patterns",null,"惯用的Kotlin模式、最佳实践和约定，用于构建健壮、高效且可维护的Kotlin应用程序，包括协程、空安全和DSL构建器。","SriramGandhiS\u002FSkills","SriramGandhiS","https:\u002F\u002Favatars.githubusercontent.com\u002Fu\u002F211849986?v=4","01M72WQCW12BYX71C6WN584TTA","Sriram S","01M72WQCWTJ2RD0ET1X31AF1RC",1,"MIT","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FSriramGandhiS\u002FSkills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Feverything-claude-code\u002Fdocs\u002Fzh-CN\u002Fskills\u002Fkotlin-patterns\u002FSKILL.md",[],[],"2026-11-10 22:39:42",false,"---\nname: kotlin-patterns\ndescription: 惯用的Kotlin模式、最佳实践和约定，用于构建健壮、高效且可维护的Kotlin应用程序，包括协程、空安全和DSL构建器。\norigin: ECC\n---\n\n# Kotlin 开发模式\n\n适用于构建健壮、高效、可维护应用程序的惯用 Kotlin 模式与最佳实践。\n\n## 使用时机\n\n* 编写新的 Kotlin 代码\n* 审查 Kotlin 代码\n* 重构现有的 Kotlin 代码\n* 设计 Kotlin 模块或库\n* 配置 Gradle Kotlin DSL 构建\n\n## 工作原理\n\n本技能在七个关键领域强制执行惯用的 Kotlin 约定：使用类型系统和安全调用运算符实现空安全；通过数据类的 `val` 和 `copy()` 实现不可变性；使用密封类和接口实现穷举类型层次结构；使用协程和 `Flow` 实现结构化并发；使用扩展函数在不使用继承的情况下添加行为；使用 `@DslMarker` 和 lambda 接收器构建类型安全的 DSL；以及使用 Gradle Kotlin DSL 进行构建配置。\n\n## 示例\n\n**使用 Elvis 运算符实现空安全：**\n\n```kotlin\nfun getUserEmail(userId: String): String {\n    val user = userRepository.findById(userId)\n    return user?.email ?: \"unknown@example.com\"\n}\n```\n\n**使用密封类处理穷举结果：**\n\n```kotlin\nsealed class Result\u003Cout T> {\n    data class Success\u003CT>(val data: T) : Result\u003CT>()\n    data class Failure(val error: AppError) : Result\u003CNothing>()\n    data object Loading : Result\u003CNothing>()\n}\n```\n\n**使用 async\u002Fawait 实现结构化并发：**\n\n```kotlin\nsuspend fun fetchUserWithPosts(userId: String): UserProfile =\n    coroutineScope {\n        val user = async { userService.getUser(userId) }\n        val posts = async { postService.getUserPosts(userId) }\n        UserProfile(user = user.await(), posts = posts.await())\n    }\n```\n\n## 核心原则\n\n### 1. 空安全\n\nKotlin 的类型系统区分可空和不可空类型。充分利用它。\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Use non-nullable types by default\nfun getUser(id: String): User {\n    return userRepository.findById(id)\n        ?: throw UserNotFoundException(\"User $id not found\")\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Safe calls and Elvis operator\nfun getUserEmail(userId: String): String {\n    val user = userRepository.findById(userId)\n    return user?.email ?: \"unknown@example.com\"\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Force-unwrapping nullable types\nfun getUserEmail(userId: String): String {\n    val user = userRepository.findById(userId)\n    return user!!.email \u002F\u002F Throws NPE if null\n}\n```\n\n### 2. 默认不可变性\n\n优先使用 `val` 而非 `var`，优先使用不可变集合而非可变集合。\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Immutable data\ndata class User(\n    val id: String,\n    val name: String,\n    val email: String,\n)\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Transform with copy()\nfun updateEmail(user: User, newEmail: String): User =\n    user.copy(email = newEmail)\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Immutable collections\nval users: List\u003CUser> = listOf(user1, user2)\nval filtered = users.filter { it.email.isNotBlank() }\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Mutable state\nvar currentUser: User? = null \u002F\u002F Avoid mutable global state\nval mutableUsers = mutableListOf\u003CUser>() \u002F\u002F Avoid unless truly needed\n```\n\n### 3. 表达式体和单表达式函数\n\n使用表达式体编写简洁、可读的函数。\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Expression body\nfun isAdult(age: Int): Boolean = age >= 18\n\nfun formatFullName(first: String, last: String): String =\n    \"$first $last\".trim()\n\nfun User.displayName(): String =\n    name.ifBlank { email.substringBefore('@') }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: When as expression\nfun statusMessage(code: Int): String = when (code) {\n    200 -> \"OK\"\n    404 -> \"Not Found\"\n    500 -> \"Internal Server Error\"\n    else -> \"Unknown status: $code\"\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Unnecessary block body\nfun isAdult(age: Int): Boolean {\n    return age >= 18\n}\n```\n\n### 4. 数据类用于值对象\n\n使用数据类表示主要包含数据的类型。\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Data class with copy, equals, hashCode, toString\ndata class CreateUserRequest(\n    val name: String,\n    val email: String,\n    val role: Role = Role.USER,\n)\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Value class for type safety (zero overhead at runtime)\n@JvmInline\nvalue class UserId(val value: String) {\n    init {\n        require(value.isNotBlank()) { \"UserId cannot be blank\" }\n    }\n}\n\n@JvmInline\nvalue class Email(val value: String) {\n    init {\n        require('@' in value) { \"Invalid email: $value\" }\n    }\n}\n\nfun getUser(id: UserId): User = userRepository.findById(id)\n```\n\n## 密封类和接口\n\n### 建模受限的层次结构\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Sealed class for exhaustive when\nsealed class Result\u003Cout T> {\n    data class Success\u003CT>(val data: T) : Result\u003CT>()\n    data class Failure(val error: AppError) : Result\u003CNothing>()\n    data object Loading : Result\u003CNothing>()\n}\n\nfun \u003CT> Result\u003CT>.getOrNull(): T? = when (this) {\n    is Result.Success -> data\n    is Result.Failure -> null\n    is Result.Loading -> null\n}\n\nfun \u003CT> Result\u003CT>.getOrThrow(): T = when (this) {\n    is Result.Success -> data\n    is Result.Failure -> throw error.toException()\n    is Result.Loading -> throw IllegalStateException(\"Still loading\")\n}\n```\n\n### 用于 API 响应的密封接口\n\n```kotlin\nsealed interface ApiError {\n    val message: String\n\n    data class NotFound(override val message: String) : ApiError\n    data class Unauthorized(override val message: String) : ApiError\n    data class Validation(\n        override val message: String,\n        val field: String,\n    ) : ApiError\n    data class Internal(\n        override val message: String,\n        val cause: Throwable? = null,\n    ) : ApiError\n}\n\nfun ApiError.toStatusCode(): Int = when (this) {\n    is ApiError.NotFound -> 404\n    is ApiError.Unauthorized -> 401\n    is ApiError.Validation -> 422\n    is ApiError.Internal -> 500\n}\n```\n\n## 作用域函数\n\n### 何时使用各个函数\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F let: Transform nullable or scoped result\nval length: Int? = name?.let { it.trim().length }\n\n\u002F\u002F apply: Configure an object (returns the object)\nval user = User().apply {\n    name = \"Alice\"\n    email = \"alice@example.com\"\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F also: Side effects (returns the object)\nval user = createUser(request).also { logger.info(\"Created user: ${it.id}\") }\n\n\u002F\u002F run: Execute a block with receiver (returns result)\nval result = connection.run {\n    prepareStatement(sql)\n    executeQuery()\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F with: Non-extension form of run\nval csv = with(StringBuilder()) {\n    appendLine(\"name,email\")\n    users.forEach { appendLine(\"${it.name},${it.email}\") }\n    toString()\n}\n```\n\n### 反模式\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Nesting scope functions\nuser?.let { u ->\n    u.address?.let { addr ->\n        addr.city?.let { city ->\n            println(city) \u002F\u002F Hard to read\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Chain safe calls instead\nval city = user?.address?.city\ncity?.let { println(it) }\n```\n\n## 扩展函数\n\n### 在不使用继承的情况下添加功能\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Domain-specific extensions\nfun String.toSlug(): String =\n    lowercase()\n        .replace(Regex(\"[^a-z0-9\\\\s-]\"), \"\")\n        .replace(Regex(\"\\\\s+\"), \"-\")\n        .trim('-')\n\nfun Instant.toLocalDate(zone: ZoneId = ZoneId.systemDefault()): LocalDate =\n    atZone(zone).toLocalDate()\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Collection extensions\nfun \u003CT> List\u003CT>.second(): T = this[1]\n\nfun \u003CT> List\u003CT>.secondOrNull(): T? = getOrNull(1)\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Scoped extensions (not polluting global namespace)\nclass UserService {\n    private fun User.isActive(): Boolean =\n        status == Status.ACTIVE && lastLogin.isAfter(Instant.now().minus(30, ChronoUnit.DAYS))\n\n    fun getActiveUsers(): List\u003CUser> = userRepository.findAll().filter { it.isActive() }\n}\n```\n\n## 协程\n\n### 结构化并发\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Structured concurrency with coroutineScope\nsuspend fun fetchUserWithPosts(userId: String): UserProfile =\n    coroutineScope {\n        val userDeferred = async { userService.getUser(userId) }\n        val postsDeferred = async { postService.getUserPosts(userId) }\n\n        UserProfile(\n            user = userDeferred.await(),\n            posts = postsDeferred.await(),\n        )\n    }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: supervisorScope when children can fail independently\nsuspend fun fetchDashboard(userId: String): Dashboard =\n    supervisorScope {\n        val user = async { userService.getUser(userId) }\n        val notifications = async { notificationService.getRecent(userId) }\n        val recommendations = async { recommendationService.getFor(userId) }\n\n        Dashboard(\n            user = user.await(),\n            notifications = try {\n                notifications.await()\n            } catch (e: CancellationException) {\n                throw e\n            } catch (e: Exception) {\n                emptyList()\n            },\n            recommendations = try {\n                recommendations.await()\n            } catch (e: CancellationException) {\n                throw e\n            } catch (e: Exception) {\n                emptyList()\n            },\n        )\n    }\n```\n\n### Flow 用于响应式流\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Cold flow with proper error handling\nfun observeUsers(): Flow\u003CList\u003CUser>> = flow {\n    while (currentCoroutineContext().isActive) {\n        val users = userRepository.findAll()\n        emit(users)\n        delay(5.seconds)\n    }\n}.catch { e ->\n    logger.error(\"Error observing users\", e)\n    emit(emptyList())\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Flow operators\nfun searchUsers(query: Flow\u003CString>): Flow\u003CList\u003CUser>> =\n    query\n        .debounce(300.milliseconds)\n        .distinctUntilChanged()\n        .filter { it.length >= 2 }\n        .mapLatest { q -> userRepository.search(q) }\n        .catch { emit(emptyList()) }\n```\n\n### 取消与清理\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Respect cancellation\nsuspend fun processItems(items: List\u003CItem>) {\n    items.forEach { item ->\n        ensureActive() \u002F\u002F Check cancellation before expensive work\n        processItem(item)\n    }\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Cleanup with try\u002Ffinally\nsuspend fun acquireAndProcess() {\n    val resource = acquireResource()\n    try {\n        resource.process()\n    } finally {\n        withContext(NonCancellable) {\n            resource.release() \u002F\u002F Always release, even on cancellation\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## 委托\n\n### 属性委托\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Lazy initialization\nval expensiveData: List\u003CUser> by lazy {\n    userRepository.findAll()\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Observable property\nvar name: String by Delegates.observable(\"initial\") { _, old, new ->\n    logger.info(\"Name changed from '$old' to '$new'\")\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Map-backed properties\nclass Config(private val map: Map\u003CString, Any?>) {\n    val host: String by map\n    val port: Int by map\n    val debug: Boolean by map\n}\n\nval config = Config(mapOf(\"host\" to \"localhost\", \"port\" to 8080, \"debug\" to true))\n```\n\n### 接口委托\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Delegate interface implementation\nclass LoggingUserRepository(\n    private val delegate: UserRepository,\n    private val logger: Logger,\n) : UserRepository by delegate {\n    \u002F\u002F Only override what you need to add logging to\n    override suspend fun findById(id: String): User? {\n        logger.info(\"Finding user by id: $id\")\n        return delegate.findById(id).also {\n            logger.info(\"Found user: ${it?.name ?: \"null\"}\")\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## DSL 构建器\n\n### 类型安全构建器\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: DSL with @DslMarker\n@DslMarker\nannotation class HtmlDsl\n\n@HtmlDsl\nclass HTML {\n    private val children = mutableListOf\u003CElement>()\n\n    fun head(init: Head.() -> Unit) {\n        children += Head().apply(init)\n    }\n\n    fun body(init: Body.() -> Unit) {\n        children += Body().apply(init)\n    }\n\n    override fun toString(): String = children.joinToString(\"\\n\")\n}\n\nfun html(init: HTML.() -> Unit): HTML = HTML().apply(init)\n\n\u002F\u002F Usage\nval page = html {\n    head { title(\"My Page\") }\n    body {\n        h1(\"Welcome\")\n        p(\"Hello, World!\")\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### 配置 DSL\n\n```kotlin\ndata class ServerConfig(\n    val host: String = \"0.0.0.0\",\n    val port: Int = 8080,\n    val ssl: SslConfig? = null,\n    val database: DatabaseConfig? = null,\n)\n\ndata class SslConfig(val certPath: String, val keyPath: String)\ndata class DatabaseConfig(val url: String, val maxPoolSize: Int = 10)\n\nclass ServerConfigBuilder {\n    var host: String = \"0.0.0.0\"\n    var port: Int = 8080\n    private var ssl: SslConfig? = null\n    private var database: DatabaseConfig? = null\n\n    fun ssl(certPath: String, keyPath: String) {\n        ssl = SslConfig(certPath, keyPath)\n    }\n\n    fun database(url: String, maxPoolSize: Int = 10) {\n        database = DatabaseConfig(url, maxPoolSize)\n    }\n\n    fun build(): ServerConfig = ServerConfig(host, port, ssl, database)\n}\n\nfun serverConfig(init: ServerConfigBuilder.() -> Unit): ServerConfig =\n    ServerConfigBuilder().apply(init).build()\n\n\u002F\u002F Usage\nval config = serverConfig {\n    host = \"0.0.0.0\"\n    port = 443\n    ssl(\"\u002Fcerts\u002Fcert.pem\", \"\u002Fcerts\u002Fkey.pem\")\n    database(\"jdbc:postgresql:\u002F\u002Flocalhost:5432\u002Fmydb\", maxPoolSize = 20)\n}\n```\n\n## 用于惰性求值的序列\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Use sequences for large collections with multiple operations\nval result = users.asSequence()\n    .filter { it.isActive }\n    .map { it.email }\n    .filter { it.endsWith(\"@company.com\") }\n    .take(10)\n    .toList()\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Generate infinite sequences\nval fibonacci: Sequence\u003CLong> = sequence {\n    var a = 0L\n    var b = 1L\n    while (true) {\n        yield(a)\n        val next = a + b\n        a = b\n        b = next\n    }\n}\n\nval first20 = fibonacci.take(20).toList()\n```\n\n## Gradle Kotlin DSL\n\n### build.gradle.kts 配置\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Check for latest versions: https:\u002F\u002Fkotlinlang.org\u002Fdocs\u002Freleases.html\nplugins {\n    kotlin(\"jvm\") version \"2.3.10\"\n    kotlin(\"plugin.serialization\") version \"2.3.10\"\n    id(\"io.ktor.plugin\") version \"3.4.0\"\n    id(\"org.jetbrains.kotlinx.kover\") version \"0.9.7\"\n    id(\"io.gitlab.arturbosch.detekt\") version \"1.23.8\"\n}\n\ngroup = \"com.example\"\nversion = \"1.0.0\"\n\nkotlin {\n    jvmToolchain(21)\n}\n\ndependencies {\n    \u002F\u002F Ktor\n    implementation(\"io.ktor:ktor-server-core:3.4.0\")\n    implementation(\"io.ktor:ktor-server-netty:3.4.0\")\n    implementation(\"io.ktor:ktor-server-content-negotiation:3.4.0\")\n    implementation(\"io.ktor:ktor-serialization-kotlinx-json:3.4.0\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Exposed\n    implementation(\"org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-core:1.0.0\")\n    implementation(\"org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-dao:1.0.0\")\n    implementation(\"org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-jdbc:1.0.0\")\n    implementation(\"org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-kotlin-datetime:1.0.0\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Koin\n    implementation(\"io.insert-koin:koin-ktor:4.2.0\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Coroutines\n    implementation(\"org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.10.2\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Testing\n    testImplementation(\"io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5:6.1.4\")\n    testImplementation(\"io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core:6.1.4\")\n    testImplementation(\"io.kotest:kotest-property:6.1.4\")\n    testImplementation(\"io.mockk:mockk:1.14.9\")\n    testImplementation(\"io.ktor:ktor-server-test-host:3.4.0\")\n    testImplementation(\"org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-test:1.10.2\")\n}\n\ntasks.withType\u003CTest> {\n    useJUnitPlatform()\n}\n\ndetekt {\n    config.setFrom(files(\"config\u002Fdetekt\u002Fdetekt.yml\"))\n    buildUponDefaultConfig = true\n}\n```\n\n## 错误处理模式\n\n### 用于领域操作的 Result 类型\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Use Kotlin's Result or a custom sealed class\nsuspend fun createUser(request: CreateUserRequest): Result\u003CUser> = runCatching {\n    require(request.name.isNotBlank()) { \"Name cannot be blank\" }\n    require('@' in request.email) { \"Invalid email format\" }\n\n    val user = User(\n        id = UserId(UUID.randomUUID().toString()),\n        name = request.name,\n        email = Email(request.email),\n    )\n    userRepository.save(user)\n    user\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Chain results\nval displayName = createUser(request)\n    .map { it.name }\n    .getOrElse { \"Unknown\" }\n```\n\n### require, check, error\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Preconditions with clear messages\nfun withdraw(account: Account, amount: Money): Account {\n    require(amount.value > 0) { \"Amount must be positive: $amount\" }\n    check(account.balance >= amount) { \"Insufficient balance: ${account.balance} \u003C $amount\" }\n\n    return account.copy(balance = account.balance - amount)\n}\n```\n\n## 集合操作\n\n### 惯用的集合处理\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Chained operations\nval activeAdminEmails: List\u003CString> = users\n    .filter { it.role == Role.ADMIN && it.isActive }\n    .sortedBy { it.name }\n    .map { it.email }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Grouping and aggregation\nval usersByRole: Map\u003CRole, List\u003CUser>> = users.groupBy { it.role }\n\nval oldestByRole: Map\u003CRole, User?> = users.groupBy { it.role }\n    .mapValues { (_, users) -> users.minByOrNull { it.createdAt } }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Associate for map creation\nval usersById: Map\u003CUserId, User> = users.associateBy { it.id }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Partition for splitting\nval (active, inactive) = users.partition { it.isActive }\n```\n\n## 快速参考：Kotlin 惯用法\n\n| 惯用法 | 描述 |\n|-------|-------------|\n| `val` 优于 `var` | 优先使用不可变变量 |\n| `data class` | 用于具有 equals\u002FhashCode\u002Fcopy 的值对象 |\n| `sealed class\u002Finterface` | 用于受限的类型层次结构 |\n| `value class` | 用于零开销的类型安全包装器 |\n| 表达式 `when` | 穷举模式匹配 |\n| 安全调用 `?.` | 空安全的成员访问 |\n| Elvis `?:` | 为可空类型提供默认值 |\n| `let`\u002F`apply`\u002F`also`\u002F`run`\u002F`with` | 用于编写简洁代码的作用域函数 |\n| 扩展函数 | 在不使用继承的情况下添加行为 |\n| `copy()` | 数据类上的不可变更新 |\n| `require`\u002F`check` | 前置条件断言 |\n| 协程 `async`\u002F`await` | 结构化并发执行 |\n| `Flow` | 冷响应式流 |\n| `sequence` | 惰性求值 |\n| 委托 `by` | 在不使用继承的情况下重用实现 |\n\n## 应避免的反模式\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Force-unwrapping nullable types\nval name = user!!.name\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Platform type leakage from Java\nfun getLength(s: String) = s.length \u002F\u002F Safe\nfun getLength(s: String?) = s?.length ?: 0 \u002F\u002F Handle nulls from Java\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Mutable data classes\ndata class MutableUser(var name: String, var email: String)\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Using exceptions for control flow\ntry {\n    val user = findUser(id)\n} catch (e: NotFoundException) {\n    \u002F\u002F Don't use exceptions for expected cases\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Use nullable return or Result\nval user: User? = findUserOrNull(id)\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Ignoring coroutine scope\nGlobalScope.launch { \u002F* Avoid GlobalScope *\u002F }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Use structured concurrency\ncoroutineScope {\n    launch { \u002F* Properly scoped *\u002F }\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Deeply nested scope functions\nuser?.let { u ->\n    u.address?.let { a ->\n        a.city?.let { c -> process(c) }\n    }\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Direct null-safe chain\nuser?.address?.city?.let { process(it) }\n```\n\n**请记住**：Kotlin 代码应简洁但可读。利用类型系统确保安全，优先使用不可变性，并使用协程处理并发。如有疑问，让编译器帮助你。\n","# Kotlin 开发模式\n\n适用于构建健壮、高效、可维护应用程序的惯用 Kotlin 模式与最佳实践。\n\n## 使用时机\n\n* 编写新的 Kotlin 代码\n* 审查 Kotlin 代码\n* 重构现有的 Kotlin 代码\n* 设计 Kotlin 模块或库\n* 配置 Gradle Kotlin DSL 构建\n\n## 工作原理\n\n本技能在七个关键领域强制执行惯用的 Kotlin 约定：使用类型系统和安全调用运算符实现空安全；通过数据类的 `val` 和 `copy()` 实现不可变性；使用密封类和接口实现穷举类型层次结构；使用协程和 `Flow` 实现结构化并发；使用扩展函数在不使用继承的情况下添加行为；使用 `@DslMarker` 和 lambda 接收器构建类型安全的 DSL；以及使用 Gradle Kotlin DSL 进行构建配置。\n\n## 示例\n\n**使用 Elvis 运算符实现空安全：**\n\n```kotlin\nfun getUserEmail(userId: String): String {\n    val user = userRepository.findById(userId)\n    return user?.email ?: \"unknown@example.com\"\n}\n```\n\n**使用密封类处理穷举结果：**\n\n```kotlin\nsealed class Result\u003Cout T> {\n    data class Success\u003CT>(val data: T) : Result\u003CT>()\n    data class Failure(val error: AppError) : Result\u003CNothing>()\n    data object Loading : Result\u003CNothing>()\n}\n```\n\n**使用 async\u002Fawait 实现结构化并发：**\n\n```kotlin\nsuspend fun fetchUserWithPosts(userId: String): UserProfile =\n    coroutineScope {\n        val user = async { userService.getUser(userId) }\n        val posts = async { postService.getUserPosts(userId) }\n        UserProfile(user = user.await(), posts = posts.await())\n    }\n```\n\n## 核心原则\n\n### 1. 空安全\n\nKotlin 的类型系统区分可空和不可空类型。充分利用它。\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Use non-nullable types by default\nfun getUser(id: String): User {\n    return userRepository.findById(id)\n        ?: throw UserNotFoundException(\"User $id not found\")\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Safe calls and Elvis operator\nfun getUserEmail(userId: String): String {\n    val user = userRepository.findById(userId)\n    return user?.email ?: \"unknown@example.com\"\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Force-unwrapping nullable types\nfun getUserEmail(userId: String): String {\n    val user = userRepository.findById(userId)\n    return user!!.email \u002F\u002F Throws NPE if null\n}\n```\n\n### 2. 默认不可变性\n\n优先使用 `val` 而非 `var`，优先使用不可变集合而非可变集合。\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Immutable data\ndata class User(\n    val id: String,\n    val name: String,\n    val email: String,\n)\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Transform with copy()\nfun updateEmail(user: User, newEmail: String): User =\n    user.copy(email = newEmail)\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Immutable collections\nval users: List\u003CUser> = listOf(user1, user2)\nval filtered = users.filter { it.email.isNotBlank() }\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Mutable state\nvar currentUser: User? = null \u002F\u002F Avoid mutable global state\nval mutableUsers = mutableListOf\u003CUser>() \u002F\u002F Avoid unless truly needed\n```\n\n### 3. 表达式体和单表达式函数\n\n使用表达式体编写简洁、可读的函数。\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Expression body\nfun isAdult(age: Int): Boolean = age >= 18\n\nfun formatFullName(first: String, last: String): String =\n    \"$first $last\".trim()\n\nfun User.displayName(): String =\n    name.ifBlank { email.substringBefore('@') }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: When as expression\nfun statusMessage(code: Int): String = when (code) {\n    200 -> \"OK\"\n    404 -> \"Not Found\"\n    500 -> \"Internal Server Error\"\n    else -> \"Unknown status: $code\"\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Unnecessary block body\nfun isAdult(age: Int): Boolean {\n    return age >= 18\n}\n```\n\n### 4. 数据类用于值对象\n\n使用数据类表示主要包含数据的类型。\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Data class with copy, equals, hashCode, toString\ndata class CreateUserRequest(\n    val name: String,\n    val email: String,\n    val role: Role = Role.USER,\n)\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Value class for type safety (zero overhead at runtime)\n@JvmInline\nvalue class UserId(val value: String) {\n    init {\n        require(value.isNotBlank()) { \"UserId cannot be blank\" }\n    }\n}\n\n@JvmInline\nvalue class Email(val value: String) {\n    init {\n        require('@' in value) { \"Invalid email: $value\" }\n    }\n}\n\nfun getUser(id: UserId): User = userRepository.findById(id)\n```\n\n## 密封类和接口\n\n### 建模受限的层次结构\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Sealed class for exhaustive when\nsealed class Result\u003Cout T> {\n    data class Success\u003CT>(val data: T) : Result\u003CT>()\n    data class Failure(val error: AppError) : Result\u003CNothing>()\n    data object Loading : Result\u003CNothing>()\n}\n\nfun \u003CT> Result\u003CT>.getOrNull(): T? = when (this) {\n    is Result.Success -> data\n    is Result.Failure -> null\n    is Result.Loading -> null\n}\n\nfun \u003CT> Result\u003CT>.getOrThrow(): T = when (this) {\n    is Result.Success -> data\n    is Result.Failure -> throw error.toException()\n    is Result.Loading -> throw IllegalStateException(\"Still loading\")\n}\n```\n\n### 用于 API 响应的密封接口\n\n```kotlin\nsealed interface ApiError {\n    val message: String\n\n    data class NotFound(override val message: String) : ApiError\n    data class Unauthorized(override val message: String) : ApiError\n    data class Validation(\n        override val message: String,\n        val field: String,\n    ) : ApiError\n    data class Internal(\n        override val message: String,\n        val cause: Throwable? = null,\n    ) : ApiError\n}\n\nfun ApiError.toStatusCode(): Int = when (this) {\n    is ApiError.NotFound -> 404\n    is ApiError.Unauthorized -> 401\n    is ApiError.Validation -> 422\n    is ApiError.Internal -> 500\n}\n```\n\n## 作用域函数\n\n### 何时使用各个函数\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F let: Transform nullable or scoped result\nval length: Int? = name?.let { it.trim().length }\n\n\u002F\u002F apply: Configure an object (returns the object)\nval user = User().apply {\n    name = \"Alice\"\n    email = \"alice@example.com\"\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F also: Side effects (returns the object)\nval user = createUser(request).also { logger.info(\"Created user: ${it.id}\") }\n\n\u002F\u002F run: Execute a block with receiver (returns result)\nval result = connection.run {\n    prepareStatement(sql)\n    executeQuery()\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F with: Non-extension form of run\nval csv = with(StringBuilder()) {\n    appendLine(\"name,email\")\n    users.forEach { appendLine(\"${it.name},${it.email}\") }\n    toString()\n}\n```\n\n### 反模式\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Nesting scope functions\nuser?.let { u ->\n    u.address?.let { addr ->\n        addr.city?.let { city ->\n            println(city) \u002F\u002F Hard to read\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Chain safe calls instead\nval city = user?.address?.city\ncity?.let { println(it) }\n```\n\n## 扩展函数\n\n### 在不使用继承的情况下添加功能\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Domain-specific extensions\nfun String.toSlug(): String =\n    lowercase()\n        .replace(Regex(\"[^a-z0-9\\\\s-]\"), \"\")\n        .replace(Regex(\"\\\\s+\"), \"-\")\n        .trim('-')\n\nfun Instant.toLocalDate(zone: ZoneId = ZoneId.systemDefault()): LocalDate =\n    atZone(zone).toLocalDate()\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Collection extensions\nfun \u003CT> List\u003CT>.second(): T = this[1]\n\nfun \u003CT> List\u003CT>.secondOrNull(): T? = getOrNull(1)\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Scoped extensions (not polluting global namespace)\nclass UserService {\n    private fun User.isActive(): Boolean =\n        status == Status.ACTIVE && lastLogin.isAfter(Instant.now().minus(30, ChronoUnit.DAYS))\n\n    fun getActiveUsers(): List\u003CUser> = userRepository.findAll().filter { it.isActive() }\n}\n```\n\n## 协程\n\n### 结构化并发\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Structured concurrency with coroutineScope\nsuspend fun fetchUserWithPosts(userId: String): UserProfile =\n    coroutineScope {\n        val userDeferred = async { userService.getUser(userId) }\n        val postsDeferred = async { postService.getUserPosts(userId) }\n\n        UserProfile(\n            user = userDeferred.await(),\n            posts = postsDeferred.await(),\n        )\n    }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: supervisorScope when children can fail independently\nsuspend fun fetchDashboard(userId: String): Dashboard =\n    supervisorScope {\n        val user = async { userService.getUser(userId) }\n        val notifications = async { notificationService.getRecent(userId) }\n        val recommendations = async { recommendationService.getFor(userId) }\n\n        Dashboard(\n            user = user.await(),\n            notifications = try {\n                notifications.await()\n            } catch (e: CancellationException) {\n                throw e\n            } catch (e: Exception) {\n                emptyList()\n            },\n            recommendations = try {\n                recommendations.await()\n            } catch (e: CancellationException) {\n                throw e\n            } catch (e: Exception) {\n                emptyList()\n            },\n        )\n    }\n```\n\n### Flow 用于响应式流\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Cold flow with proper error handling\nfun observeUsers(): Flow\u003CList\u003CUser>> = flow {\n    while (currentCoroutineContext().isActive) {\n        val users = userRepository.findAll()\n        emit(users)\n        delay(5.seconds)\n    }\n}.catch { e ->\n    logger.error(\"Error observing users\", e)\n    emit(emptyList())\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Flow operators\nfun searchUsers(query: Flow\u003CString>): Flow\u003CList\u003CUser>> =\n    query\n        .debounce(300.milliseconds)\n        .distinctUntilChanged()\n        .filter { it.length >= 2 }\n        .mapLatest { q -> userRepository.search(q) }\n        .catch { emit(emptyList()) }\n```\n\n### 取消与清理\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Respect cancellation\nsuspend fun processItems(items: List\u003CItem>) {\n    items.forEach { item ->\n        ensureActive() \u002F\u002F Check cancellation before expensive work\n        processItem(item)\n    }\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Cleanup with try\u002Ffinally\nsuspend fun acquireAndProcess() {\n    val resource = acquireResource()\n    try {\n        resource.process()\n    } finally {\n        withContext(NonCancellable) {\n            resource.release() \u002F\u002F Always release, even on cancellation\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## 委托\n\n### 属性委托\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Lazy initialization\nval expensiveData: List\u003CUser> by lazy {\n    userRepository.findAll()\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Observable property\nvar name: String by Delegates.observable(\"initial\") { _, old, new ->\n    logger.info(\"Name changed from '$old' to '$new'\")\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Map-backed properties\nclass Config(private val map: Map\u003CString, Any?>) {\n    val host: String by map\n    val port: Int by map\n    val debug: Boolean by map\n}\n\nval config = Config(mapOf(\"host\" to \"localhost\", \"port\" to 8080, \"debug\" to true))\n```\n\n### 接口委托\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Delegate interface implementation\nclass LoggingUserRepository(\n    private val delegate: UserRepository,\n    private val logger: Logger,\n) : UserRepository by delegate {\n    \u002F\u002F Only override what you need to add logging to\n    override suspend fun findById(id: String): User? {\n        logger.info(\"Finding user by id: $id\")\n        return delegate.findById(id).also {\n            logger.info(\"Found user: ${it?.name ?: \"null\"}\")\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## DSL 构建器\n\n### 类型安全构建器\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: DSL with @DslMarker\n@DslMarker\nannotation class HtmlDsl\n\n@HtmlDsl\nclass HTML {\n    private val children = mutableListOf\u003CElement>()\n\n    fun head(init: Head.() -> Unit) {\n        children += Head().apply(init)\n    }\n\n    fun body(init: Body.() -> Unit) {\n        children += Body().apply(init)\n    }\n\n    override fun toString(): String = children.joinToString(\"\\n\")\n}\n\nfun html(init: HTML.() -> Unit): HTML = HTML().apply(init)\n\n\u002F\u002F Usage\nval page = html {\n    head { title(\"My Page\") }\n    body {\n        h1(\"Welcome\")\n        p(\"Hello, World!\")\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### 配置 DSL\n\n```kotlin\ndata class ServerConfig(\n    val host: String = \"0.0.0.0\",\n    val port: Int = 8080,\n    val ssl: SslConfig? = null,\n    val database: DatabaseConfig? = null,\n)\n\ndata class SslConfig(val certPath: String, val keyPath: String)\ndata class DatabaseConfig(val url: String, val maxPoolSize: Int = 10)\n\nclass ServerConfigBuilder {\n    var host: String = \"0.0.0.0\"\n    var port: Int = 8080\n    private var ssl: SslConfig? = null\n    private var database: DatabaseConfig? = null\n\n    fun ssl(certPath: String, keyPath: String) {\n        ssl = SslConfig(certPath, keyPath)\n    }\n\n    fun database(url: String, maxPoolSize: Int = 10) {\n        database = DatabaseConfig(url, maxPoolSize)\n    }\n\n    fun build(): ServerConfig = ServerConfig(host, port, ssl, database)\n}\n\nfun serverConfig(init: ServerConfigBuilder.() -> Unit): ServerConfig =\n    ServerConfigBuilder().apply(init).build()\n\n\u002F\u002F Usage\nval config = serverConfig {\n    host = \"0.0.0.0\"\n    port = 443\n    ssl(\"\u002Fcerts\u002Fcert.pem\", \"\u002Fcerts\u002Fkey.pem\")\n    database(\"jdbc:postgresql:\u002F\u002Flocalhost:5432\u002Fmydb\", maxPoolSize = 20)\n}\n```\n\n## 用于惰性求值的序列\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Use sequences for large collections with multiple operations\nval result = users.asSequence()\n    .filter { it.isActive }\n    .map { it.email }\n    .filter { it.endsWith(\"@company.com\") }\n    .take(10)\n    .toList()\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Generate infinite sequences\nval fibonacci: Sequence\u003CLong> = sequence {\n    var a = 0L\n    var b = 1L\n    while (true) {\n        yield(a)\n        val next = a + b\n        a = b\n        b = next\n    }\n}\n\nval first20 = fibonacci.take(20).toList()\n```\n\n## Gradle Kotlin DSL\n\n### build.gradle.kts 配置\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Check for latest versions: https:\u002F\u002Fkotlinlang.org\u002Fdocs\u002Freleases.html\nplugins {\n    kotlin(\"jvm\") version \"2.3.10\"\n    kotlin(\"plugin.serialization\") version \"2.3.10\"\n    id(\"io.ktor.plugin\") version \"3.4.0\"\n    id(\"org.jetbrains.kotlinx.kover\") version \"0.9.7\"\n    id(\"io.gitlab.arturbosch.detekt\") version \"1.23.8\"\n}\n\ngroup = \"com.example\"\nversion = \"1.0.0\"\n\nkotlin {\n    jvmToolchain(21)\n}\n\ndependencies {\n    \u002F\u002F Ktor\n    implementation(\"io.ktor:ktor-server-core:3.4.0\")\n    implementation(\"io.ktor:ktor-server-netty:3.4.0\")\n    implementation(\"io.ktor:ktor-server-content-negotiation:3.4.0\")\n    implementation(\"io.ktor:ktor-serialization-kotlinx-json:3.4.0\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Exposed\n    implementation(\"org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-core:1.0.0\")\n    implementation(\"org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-dao:1.0.0\")\n    implementation(\"org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-jdbc:1.0.0\")\n    implementation(\"org.jetbrains.exposed:exposed-kotlin-datetime:1.0.0\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Koin\n    implementation(\"io.insert-koin:koin-ktor:4.2.0\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Coroutines\n    implementation(\"org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.10.2\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Testing\n    testImplementation(\"io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5:6.1.4\")\n    testImplementation(\"io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core:6.1.4\")\n    testImplementation(\"io.kotest:kotest-property:6.1.4\")\n    testImplementation(\"io.mockk:mockk:1.14.9\")\n    testImplementation(\"io.ktor:ktor-server-test-host:3.4.0\")\n    testImplementation(\"org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-test:1.10.2\")\n}\n\ntasks.withType\u003CTest> {\n    useJUnitPlatform()\n}\n\ndetekt {\n    config.setFrom(files(\"config\u002Fdetekt\u002Fdetekt.yml\"))\n    buildUponDefaultConfig = true\n}\n```\n\n## 错误处理模式\n\n### 用于领域操作的 Result 类型\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Use Kotlin's Result or a custom sealed class\nsuspend fun createUser(request: CreateUserRequest): Result\u003CUser> = runCatching {\n    require(request.name.isNotBlank()) { \"Name cannot be blank\" }\n    require('@' in request.email) { \"Invalid email format\" }\n\n    val user = User(\n        id = UserId(UUID.randomUUID().toString()),\n        name = request.name,\n        email = Email(request.email),\n    )\n    userRepository.save(user)\n    user\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Chain results\nval displayName = createUser(request)\n    .map { it.name }\n    .getOrElse { \"Unknown\" }\n```\n\n### require, check, error\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Preconditions with clear messages\nfun withdraw(account: Account, amount: Money): Account {\n    require(amount.value > 0) { \"Amount must be positive: $amount\" }\n    check(account.balance >= amount) { \"Insufficient balance: ${account.balance} \u003C $amount\" }\n\n    return account.copy(balance = account.balance - amount)\n}\n```\n\n## 集合操作\n\n### 惯用的集合处理\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Good: Chained operations\nval activeAdminEmails: List\u003CString> = users\n    .filter { it.role == Role.ADMIN && it.isActive }\n    .sortedBy { it.name }\n    .map { it.email }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Grouping and aggregation\nval usersByRole: Map\u003CRole, List\u003CUser>> = users.groupBy { it.role }\n\nval oldestByRole: Map\u003CRole, User?> = users.groupBy { it.role }\n    .mapValues { (_, users) -> users.minByOrNull { it.createdAt } }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Associate for map creation\nval usersById: Map\u003CUserId, User> = users.associateBy { it.id }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Partition for splitting\nval (active, inactive) = users.partition { it.isActive }\n```\n\n## 快速参考：Kotlin 惯用法\n\n| 惯用法 | 描述 |\n|-------|-------------|\n| `val` 优于 `var` | 优先使用不可变变量 |\n| `data class` | 用于具有 equals\u002FhashCode\u002Fcopy 的值对象 |\n| `sealed class\u002Finterface` | 用于受限的类型层次结构 |\n| `value class` | 用于零开销的类型安全包装器 |\n| 表达式 `when` | 穷举模式匹配 |\n| 安全调用 `?.` | 空安全的成员访问 |\n| Elvis `?:` | 为可空类型提供默认值 |\n| `let`\u002F`apply`\u002F`also`\u002F`run`\u002F`with` | 用于编写简洁代码的作用域函数 |\n| 扩展函数 | 在不使用继承的情况下添加行为 |\n| `copy()` | 数据类上的不可变更新 |\n| `require`\u002F`check` | 前置条件断言 |\n| 协程 `async`\u002F`await` | 结构化并发执行 |\n| `Flow` | 冷响应式流 |\n| `sequence` | 惰性求值 |\n| 委托 `by` | 在不使用继承的情况下重用实现 |\n\n## 应避免的反模式\n\n```kotlin\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Force-unwrapping nullable types\nval name = user!!.name\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Platform type leakage from Java\nfun getLength(s: String) = s.length \u002F\u002F Safe\nfun getLength(s: String?) = s?.length ?: 0 \u002F\u002F Handle nulls from Java\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Mutable data classes\ndata class MutableUser(var name: String, var email: String)\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Using exceptions for control flow\ntry {\n    val user = findUser(id)\n} catch (e: NotFoundException) {\n    \u002F\u002F Don't use exceptions for expected cases\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Use nullable return or Result\nval user: User? = findUserOrNull(id)\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Ignoring coroutine scope\nGlobalScope.launch { \u002F* Avoid GlobalScope *\u002F }\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Use structured concurrency\ncoroutineScope {\n    launch { \u002F* Properly scoped *\u002F }\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Bad: Deeply nested scope functions\nuser?.let { u ->\n    u.address?.let { a ->\n        a.city?.let { c -> process(c) }\n    }\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Good: Direct null-safe chain\nuser?.address?.city?.let { process(it) }\n```\n\n**请记住**：Kotlin 代码应简洁但可读。利用类型系统确保安全，优先使用不可变性，并使用协程处理并发。如有疑问，让编译器帮助你。\n",{"name":5,"origin":24,"description":7},"ECC","master","d6ca01da0f24a3b0e26e4a8b7b66cbd25d429f5d","everything-claude-code\u002Fdocs\u002Fzh-CN\u002Fskills\u002Fkotlin-patterns",0,"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FSriramGandhiS\u002FSkills","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FSriramGandhiS","https:\u002F\u002Fsriram.website\u002F","Curious guy who keeps tinkering until something works","2026-05-20 16:21:34",{"source":8,"skillName":5,"commands":35,"prompt":45,"zipAvailable":46},[36,39,42],{"tool":37,"command":38},"npx","npx skills add SriramGandhiS\u002FSkills --skill kotlin-patterns",{"tool":40,"command":41},"bunx","bunx skills add SriramGandhiS\u002FSkills --skill kotlin-patterns",{"tool":43,"command":44},"pnpm","pnpm dlx skills add SriramGandhiS\u002FSkills --skill kotlin-patterns","安装技能，技能地址：https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FSriramGandhiS\u002FSkills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Feverything-claude-code\u002Fdocs\u002Fzh-CN\u002Fskills\u002Fkotlin-patterns\u002FSKILL.md",true,[],[49,57,62,68,75,82],{"skillNo":50,"name":51,"nameZh":6,"description":52,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":53,"categories":54,"keywords":55,"publishedAt":56},"01M732609EPJWV13PVTX3GT4TM","webgpu-threejs-tsl","Comprehensive guide for developing WebGPU-enabled Three.js applications using TSL (Three.js Shading Language). Covers WebGPU renderer setup, TSL syntax and node materials, compute shaders, post-processing effects, and WGSL integration. Use this skill when working with Three.js WebGPU, TSL shaders, node materials, or GPU compute in Three.js.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FSriramGandhiS\u002FSkills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fwebgpu-threejs-tsl\u002Fskills\u002Fwebgpu-threejs-tsl\u002FSKILL.md",[],[],"2026-11-11 15:11:14",{"skillNo":58,"name":51,"nameZh":6,"description":52,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":59,"categories":60,"keywords":61,"publishedAt":56},"01M7325XM47AGWB6K6C4VXKE6B","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FSriramGandhiS\u002FSkills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fwebgpu-threejs-tsl\u002FSKILL.md",[],[],{"skillNo":63,"name":64,"nameZh":6,"description":6,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":65,"categories":66,"keywords":67,"publishedAt":56},"01M7325WP6DES69JKC840VMFEP","verification-loop","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FSriramGandhiS\u002FSkills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fweb-assets\u002Fdocs\u002Fzh-TW\u002Fskills\u002Fverification-loop\u002FSKILL.md",[],[],{"skillNo":69,"name":70,"nameZh":6,"description":71,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":72,"categories":73,"keywords":74,"publishedAt":56},"01M7325TFQF1DZTQ6J3WGQQ1VR","tdd-workflow","Use this skill when writing new features, fixing bugs, or refactoring code. Enforces test-driven development with 80%+ coverage including unit, integration, and E2E tests.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FSriramGandhiS\u002FSkills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fweb-assets\u002Fdocs\u002Fzh-TW\u002Fskills\u002Ftdd-workflow\u002FSKILL.md",[],[],{"skillNo":76,"name":77,"nameZh":6,"description":78,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":79,"categories":80,"keywords":81,"publishedAt":56},"01M7325RGV9AY9PK92D2V8KKPW","strategic-compact","Suggests manual context compaction at logical intervals to preserve context through task phases rather than arbitrary auto-compaction.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FSriramGandhiS\u002FSkills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fweb-assets\u002Fdocs\u002Fzh-TW\u002Fskills\u002Fstrategic-compact\u002FSKILL.md",[],[],{"skillNo":83,"name":84,"nameZh":6,"description":85,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":86,"categories":87,"keywords":88,"publishedAt":56},"01M7325MZC28SE86E7NMCNEFS4","security-review","Use this skill when adding authentication, handling user input, working with secrets, creating API endpoints, or implementing payment\u002Fsensitive features. Provides comprehensive security checklist and patterns.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FSriramGandhiS\u002FSkills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fweb-assets\u002Fdocs\u002Fzh-TW\u002Fskills\u002Fsecurity-review\u002FSKILL.md",[],[]]