[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"skill:01M6GZE93MT44FAQH86S9GFWEJ":3,"skill-same:01M6GZE93MT44FAQH86S9GFWEJ":97},{"skillNo":4,"name":5,"nameZh":6,"description":7,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":14,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":15,"categories":16,"keywords":22,"publishedAt":43,"linkOnly":44,"markdownContent":45,"markdownBody":46,"frontMatter":47,"refName":59,"commitSha":60,"skillDirectory":61,"forksCount":62,"repositoryHtmlUrl":63,"repositoryHomepageUrl":6,"ownerHtmlUrl":64,"ownerBlogUrl":6,"ownerDescription":6,"updatedAt":65,"install":66,"resources":79},"01M6GZE93MT44FAQH86S9GFWEJ","performing-power-grid-cybersecurity-assessment",null,"This skill covers conducting cybersecurity assessments of electric power grid infrastructure including generation facilities, transmission substations, distribution systems, and energy management system (EMS) control centers. It addresses NERC CIP compliance verification, substation automation security, IEC 61850 protocol analysis, synchrophasor (PMU) network security, and the unique threat landscape targeting power grid operations as demonstrated by Industroyer\u002FCrashOverride and related attacks.","micsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills","micsapp","https:\u002F\u002Favatars.githubusercontent.com\u002Fu\u002F82411001?v=4","01M6GWCFQ6D3PV8EHNY62NN5VW","01M6GWCFVE1PA5HG0DKC7AMFJ3",4,"Apache-2.0","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002F_universal\u002Fcybersecurity-skills\u002Fskills\u002Fperforming-power-grid-cybersecurity-assessment\u002FSKILL.md",[17],{"categoryNo":18,"categoryName":19,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000023","Skill与智能体开发","SCENARIO","使用场景",[23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42],"power","performing","grid","power grid","performing power grid cybersecurity assessment","assessment","cybersecurity","nerc-cip","power-grid","analysis","ICS-security","network","network security","landscape","distribution","verification","transmission","energy management system","energy management","targeting","2026-11-10 10:12:30",false,"---\nname: performing-power-grid-cybersecurity-assessment\ndescription: >\n  This skill covers conducting cybersecurity assessments of electric power grid\n  infrastructure including generation facilities, transmission substations, distribution\n  systems, and energy management system (EMS) control centers. It addresses NERC CIP\n  compliance verification, substation automation security, IEC 61850 protocol analysis,\n  synchrophasor (PMU) network security, and the unique threat landscape targeting\n  power grid operations as demonstrated by Industroyer\u002FCrashOverride and related attacks.\ndomain: cybersecurity\nsubdomain: ot-ics-security\ntags: [ot-security, ics, scada, industrial-control, iec62443, nerc-cip, power-grid, substation]\nversion: 1.0.0\nauthor: mahipal\nlicense: Apache-2.0\n---\n\n# Performing Power Grid Cybersecurity Assessment\n\n## When to Use\n\n- When conducting periodic cybersecurity assessments of power grid facilities per NERC CIP requirements\n- When assessing substation automation systems using IEC 61850 GOOSE and MMS protocols\n- When evaluating the security of an Energy Management System (EMS) or SCADA control center\n- When assessing synchrophasor (PMU) networks and wide-area monitoring systems\n- When preparing for regional entity compliance audits or internal security reviews\n\n**Do not use** for non-BES systems below NERC registration thresholds, for general OT assessment without power grid specifics (see performing-ot-network-security-assessment), or for physical security assessment of generation facilities without cyber scope.\n\n## Prerequisites\n\n- Understanding of electric power grid architecture (generation, transmission, distribution)\n- Familiarity with NERC CIP standards and BES Cyber System categorization\n- Knowledge of power grid protocols (IEC 61850, IEC 60870-5-104, DNP3, ICCP\u002FTASE.2)\n- Passive monitoring tools for substation network traffic analysis\n- Access to EMS\u002FSCADA architecture documentation and network diagrams\n\n## Workflow\n\n### Step 1: Map Power Grid Cyber Architecture\n\nIdentify and document all cyber systems supporting grid operations including EMS, SCADA, substation automation, and communication infrastructure.\n\n```yaml\n# Power Grid Cyber Architecture Assessment\nfacility_type: \"Regional Transmission Organization Control Center\"\n\nems_systems:\n  primary_ems:\n    vendor: \"GE Grid Solutions\"\n    product: \"EMS\u002FSCADA (formerly XA\u002F21)\"\n    functions:\n      - \"State estimation\"\n      - \"Automatic generation control (AGC)\"\n      - \"Security-constrained economic dispatch\"\n      - \"Contingency analysis\"\n    protocols:\n      - \"ICCP\u002FTASE.2 (inter-control center)\"\n      - \"DNP3 (substation RTU polling)\"\n      - \"IEC 60870-5-104 (substation polling)\"\n\n  backup_control_center:\n    location: \"Geographically diverse backup site\"\n    sync_method: \"Real-time database mirroring\"\n    switchover_time: \"\u003C 5 minutes\"\n\nsubstation_automation:\n  count: 145\n  system_types:\n    - vendor: \"ABB\"\n      product: \"RTU560\"\n      protocol: \"DNP3 over TCP\u002FIP\"\n      count: 85\n    - vendor: \"SEL\"\n      product: \"SEL-3530 RTAC\"\n      protocol: \"IEC 61850 MMS + GOOSE\"\n      count: 40\n    - vendor: \"Siemens\"\n      product: \"SICAM A8000\"\n      protocol: \"IEC 60870-5-104\"\n      count: 20\n\n  communications:\n    primary: \"MPLS WAN (carrier-provided)\"\n    backup: \"Licensed microwave radio\"\n    last_mile: \"Fiber optic to substation\"\n\nsynchrophasor_network:\n  pmu_count: 75\n  pdc: \"GE PDC (Phasor Data Concentrator)\"\n  communication: \"IEEE C37.118.2 over dedicated network\"\n  data_rate: \"30-60 samples per second\"\n```\n\n### Step 2: Assess Substation Automation Security\n\nEvaluate IEC 61850-based substation automation for protocol security, access controls, and network segmentation.\n\n```python\n#!\u002Fusr\u002Fbin\u002Fenv python3\n\"\"\"Power Grid Substation Security Assessor.\n\nEvaluates security of IEC 61850-based substation automation\nsystems including GOOSE messaging, MMS client\u002Fserver, and\nnetwork architecture.\n\"\"\"\n\nimport json\nimport sys\nfrom dataclasses import dataclass, field, asdict\nfrom datetime import datetime\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass SubstationFinding:\n    finding_id: str\n    severity: str\n    category: str\n    title: str\n    description: str\n    affected_systems: list\n    nerc_cip_ref: str\n    iec_62351_ref: str\n    remediation: str\n\n\nclass SubstationAssessment:\n    \"\"\"Assesses cybersecurity of substation automation systems.\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, substation_name):\n        self.name = substation_name\n        self.findings = []\n        self.counter = 1\n\n    def assess_iec61850_security(self, config):\n        \"\"\"Assess IEC 61850 protocol security.\"\"\"\n\n        # GOOSE message authentication\n        if not config.get(\"goose_authentication\"):\n            self.findings.append(SubstationFinding(\n                finding_id=f\"SUB-{self.counter:03d}\",\n                severity=\"critical\",\n                category=\"Protocol Security\",\n                title=\"IEC 61850 GOOSE Messages Lack Authentication\",\n                description=(\n                    \"GOOSE messages used for protection signaling between IEDs \"\n                    \"are not authenticated. An attacker on the station bus could \"\n                    \"inject false trip\u002Fclose commands to circuit breakers.\"\n                ),\n                affected_systems=config.get(\"goose_publishers\", []),\n                nerc_cip_ref=\"CIP-005-7 R1.5 - ESP internal communications\",\n                iec_62351_ref=\"IEC 62351-6 - GOOSE\u002FSV authentication\",\n                remediation=(\n                    \"Implement IEC 62351-6 GOOSE authentication using digital \"\n                    \"signatures. Deploy VLAN isolation for GOOSE traffic as interim.\"\n                ),\n            ))\n            self.counter += 1\n\n        # MMS service access control\n        if not config.get(\"mms_authentication\"):\n            self.findings.append(SubstationFinding(\n                finding_id=f\"SUB-{self.counter:03d}\",\n                severity=\"high\",\n                category=\"Protocol Security\",\n                title=\"MMS Client Connections Lack Authentication\",\n                description=(\n                    \"MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification) connections to IEDs \"\n                    \"do not require client authentication. Any device on the station \"\n                    \"bus can read\u002Fwrite IED configuration and operate breakers.\"\n                ),\n                affected_systems=config.get(\"mms_servers\", []),\n                nerc_cip_ref=\"CIP-007-6 R5 - System Access Controls\",\n                iec_62351_ref=\"IEC 62351-4 - MMS security profiles\",\n                remediation=\"Enable TLS for MMS connections per IEC 62351-4.\",\n            ))\n            self.counter += 1\n\n        # Station bus segmentation\n        if not config.get(\"station_bus_segmented\"):\n            self.findings.append(SubstationFinding(\n                finding_id=f\"SUB-{self.counter:03d}\",\n                severity=\"high\",\n                category=\"Network Architecture\",\n                title=\"Flat Station Bus Network Without Segmentation\",\n                description=(\n                    \"Station bus connects all IEDs, HMI, engineering access, \"\n                    \"and WAN gateway on a single VLAN without segmentation.\"\n                ),\n                affected_systems=[\"All station bus devices\"],\n                nerc_cip_ref=\"CIP-005-7 R1 - ESP boundary\",\n                iec_62351_ref=\"IEC 62351-10 - Security architecture\",\n                remediation=(\n                    \"Segment station bus into VLANs: protection IEDs, \"\n                    \"measurement IEDs, station HMI, and WAN gateway.\"\n                ),\n            ))\n            self.counter += 1\n\n    def assess_remote_access(self, config):\n        \"\"\"Assess remote access security for substations.\"\"\"\n        if config.get(\"direct_vendor_access\"):\n            self.findings.append(SubstationFinding(\n                finding_id=f\"SUB-{self.counter:03d}\",\n                severity=\"critical\",\n                category=\"Remote Access\",\n                title=\"Direct Vendor Remote Access to Substation Without MFA\",\n                description=(\n                    \"Vendor support has direct VPN access to substation network \"\n                    \"without traversing an intermediate system or requiring MFA.\"\n                ),\n                affected_systems=[\"Substation WAN gateway\"],\n                nerc_cip_ref=\"CIP-005-7 R2 - Remote Access Management\",\n                iec_62351_ref=\"IEC 62351-8 - Role-based access control\",\n                remediation=(\n                    \"Route vendor access through corporate jump server with MFA. \"\n                    \"Implement session recording per CIP-005-7 R2.4.\"\n                ),\n            ))\n            self.counter += 1\n\n    def generate_report(self):\n        \"\"\"Generate substation assessment report.\"\"\"\n        report = []\n        report.append(\"=\" * 70)\n        report.append(f\"SUBSTATION CYBERSECURITY ASSESSMENT: {self.name}\")\n        report.append(f\"Date: {datetime.now().isoformat()}\")\n        report.append(\"=\" * 70)\n\n        for sev in [\"critical\", \"high\", \"medium\", \"low\"]:\n            findings = [f for f in self.findings if f.severity == sev]\n            if findings:\n                report.append(f\"\\n--- {sev.upper()} ({len(findings)}) ---\")\n                for f in findings:\n                    report.append(f\"  [{f.finding_id}] {f.title}\")\n                    report.append(f\"    {f.description[:100]}...\")\n                    report.append(f\"    NERC CIP: {f.nerc_cip_ref}\")\n                    report.append(f\"    Remediation: {f.remediation[:80]}...\")\n\n        return \"\\n\".join(report)\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    assessment = SubstationAssessment(\"Substation Alpha - 345kV\")\n\n    assessment.assess_iec61850_security({\n        \"goose_authentication\": False,\n        \"mms_authentication\": False,\n        \"station_bus_segmented\": False,\n        \"goose_publishers\": [\"SEL-411L-01\", \"SEL-411L-02\", \"SEL-487E-01\"],\n        \"mms_servers\": [\"SEL-3530-RTAC\", \"ABB-REF615-01\"],\n    })\n\n    assessment.assess_remote_access({\n        \"direct_vendor_access\": True,\n    })\n\n    print(assessment.generate_report())\n```\n\n## Key Concepts\n\n| Term | Definition |\n|------|------------|\n| IEC 61850 | International standard for communication networks and systems in substations, using GOOSE for protection signaling and MMS for SCADA data |\n| GOOSE | Generic Object Oriented Substation Event - multicast protocol for fast peer-to-peer protection signaling between IEDs (\u003C 4ms trip time) |\n| MMS | Manufacturing Message Specification - client\u002Fserver protocol for reading\u002Fwriting IED data and operating circuit breakers |\n| IEC 62351 | Security standard series for power system communication protocols providing authentication and encryption for IEC 61850, DNP3, and IEC 104 |\n| ICCP\u002FTASE.2 | Inter-Control Center Communications Protocol for data exchange between control centers of different utilities |\n| Synchrophasor (PMU) | Phasor Measurement Unit providing time-synchronized voltage\u002Fcurrent measurements at 30-60 samples\u002Fsecond for wide-area monitoring |\n\n## Tools & Systems\n\n- **Dragos Platform**: OT security platform with specific threat intelligence on power grid-targeting groups (ELECTRUM, KAMACITE)\n- **SEL-3620 Ethernet Security Gateway**: Substation security device providing encryption, access control, and intrusion detection\n- **GRIDsure**: Power grid cybersecurity assessment framework by Idaho National Laboratory\n- **Wireshark with IEC 61850 Dissector**: Protocol analysis for GOOSE and MMS traffic in substations\n\n## Output Format\n\n```\nPower Grid Cybersecurity Assessment Report\n=============================================\nFacility: [Name and Type]\nNERC Registration: [Entity ID]\nBES Impact Rating: [High\u002FMedium\u002FLow]\n\nSUBSTATION FINDINGS: [N]\nEMS\u002FSCADA FINDINGS: [N]\nCOMMUNICATION FINDINGS: [N]\n\nNERC CIP COMPLIANCE:\n  CIP-002: [Status]\n  CIP-005: [Status]\n  CIP-007: [Status]\n```\n","# Performing Power Grid Cybersecurity Assessment\n\n## When to Use\n\n- When conducting periodic cybersecurity assessments of power grid facilities per NERC CIP requirements\n- When assessing substation automation systems using IEC 61850 GOOSE and MMS protocols\n- When evaluating the security of an Energy Management System (EMS) or SCADA control center\n- When assessing synchrophasor (PMU) networks and wide-area monitoring systems\n- When preparing for regional entity compliance audits or internal security reviews\n\n**Do not use** for non-BES systems below NERC registration thresholds, for general OT assessment without power grid specifics (see performing-ot-network-security-assessment), or for physical security assessment of generation facilities without cyber scope.\n\n## Prerequisites\n\n- Understanding of electric power grid architecture (generation, transmission, distribution)\n- Familiarity with NERC CIP standards and BES Cyber System categorization\n- Knowledge of power grid protocols (IEC 61850, IEC 60870-5-104, DNP3, ICCP\u002FTASE.2)\n- Passive monitoring tools for substation network traffic analysis\n- Access to EMS\u002FSCADA architecture documentation and network diagrams\n\n## Workflow\n\n### Step 1: Map Power Grid Cyber Architecture\n\nIdentify and document all cyber systems supporting grid operations including EMS, SCADA, substation automation, and communication infrastructure.\n\n```yaml\n# Power Grid Cyber Architecture Assessment\nfacility_type: \"Regional Transmission Organization Control Center\"\n\nems_systems:\n  primary_ems:\n    vendor: \"GE Grid Solutions\"\n    product: \"EMS\u002FSCADA (formerly XA\u002F21)\"\n    functions:\n      - \"State estimation\"\n      - \"Automatic generation control (AGC)\"\n      - \"Security-constrained economic dispatch\"\n      - \"Contingency analysis\"\n    protocols:\n      - \"ICCP\u002FTASE.2 (inter-control center)\"\n      - \"DNP3 (substation RTU polling)\"\n      - \"IEC 60870-5-104 (substation polling)\"\n\n  backup_control_center:\n    location: \"Geographically diverse backup site\"\n    sync_method: \"Real-time database mirroring\"\n    switchover_time: \"\u003C 5 minutes\"\n\nsubstation_automation:\n  count: 145\n  system_types:\n    - vendor: \"ABB\"\n      product: \"RTU560\"\n      protocol: \"DNP3 over TCP\u002FIP\"\n      count: 85\n    - vendor: \"SEL\"\n      product: \"SEL-3530 RTAC\"\n      protocol: \"IEC 61850 MMS + GOOSE\"\n      count: 40\n    - vendor: \"Siemens\"\n      product: \"SICAM A8000\"\n      protocol: \"IEC 60870-5-104\"\n      count: 20\n\n  communications:\n    primary: \"MPLS WAN (carrier-provided)\"\n    backup: \"Licensed microwave radio\"\n    last_mile: \"Fiber optic to substation\"\n\nsynchrophasor_network:\n  pmu_count: 75\n  pdc: \"GE PDC (Phasor Data Concentrator)\"\n  communication: \"IEEE C37.118.2 over dedicated network\"\n  data_rate: \"30-60 samples per second\"\n```\n\n### Step 2: Assess Substation Automation Security\n\nEvaluate IEC 61850-based substation automation for protocol security, access controls, and network segmentation.\n\n```python\n#!\u002Fusr\u002Fbin\u002Fenv python3\n\"\"\"Power Grid Substation Security Assessor.\n\nEvaluates security of IEC 61850-based substation automation\nsystems including GOOSE messaging, MMS client\u002Fserver, and\nnetwork architecture.\n\"\"\"\n\nimport json\nimport sys\nfrom dataclasses import dataclass, field, asdict\nfrom datetime import datetime\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass SubstationFinding:\n    finding_id: str\n    severity: str\n    category: str\n    title: str\n    description: str\n    affected_systems: list\n    nerc_cip_ref: str\n    iec_62351_ref: str\n    remediation: str\n\n\nclass SubstationAssessment:\n    \"\"\"Assesses cybersecurity of substation automation systems.\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, substation_name):\n        self.name = substation_name\n        self.findings = []\n        self.counter = 1\n\n    def assess_iec61850_security(self, config):\n        \"\"\"Assess IEC 61850 protocol security.\"\"\"\n\n        # GOOSE message authentication\n        if not config.get(\"goose_authentication\"):\n            self.findings.append(SubstationFinding(\n                finding_id=f\"SUB-{self.counter:03d}\",\n                severity=\"critical\",\n                category=\"Protocol Security\",\n                title=\"IEC 61850 GOOSE Messages Lack Authentication\",\n                description=(\n                    \"GOOSE messages used for protection signaling between IEDs \"\n                    \"are not authenticated. An attacker on the station bus could \"\n                    \"inject false trip\u002Fclose commands to circuit breakers.\"\n                ),\n                affected_systems=config.get(\"goose_publishers\", []),\n                nerc_cip_ref=\"CIP-005-7 R1.5 - ESP internal communications\",\n                iec_62351_ref=\"IEC 62351-6 - GOOSE\u002FSV authentication\",\n                remediation=(\n                    \"Implement IEC 62351-6 GOOSE authentication using digital \"\n                    \"signatures. Deploy VLAN isolation for GOOSE traffic as interim.\"\n                ),\n            ))\n            self.counter += 1\n\n        # MMS service access control\n        if not config.get(\"mms_authentication\"):\n            self.findings.append(SubstationFinding(\n                finding_id=f\"SUB-{self.counter:03d}\",\n                severity=\"high\",\n                category=\"Protocol Security\",\n                title=\"MMS Client Connections Lack Authentication\",\n                description=(\n                    \"MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification) connections to IEDs \"\n                    \"do not require client authentication. Any device on the station \"\n                    \"bus can read\u002Fwrite IED configuration and operate breakers.\"\n                ),\n                affected_systems=config.get(\"mms_servers\", []),\n                nerc_cip_ref=\"CIP-007-6 R5 - System Access Controls\",\n                iec_62351_ref=\"IEC 62351-4 - MMS security profiles\",\n                remediation=\"Enable TLS for MMS connections per IEC 62351-4.\",\n            ))\n            self.counter += 1\n\n        # Station bus segmentation\n        if not config.get(\"station_bus_segmented\"):\n            self.findings.append(SubstationFinding(\n                finding_id=f\"SUB-{self.counter:03d}\",\n                severity=\"high\",\n                category=\"Network Architecture\",\n                title=\"Flat Station Bus Network Without Segmentation\",\n                description=(\n                    \"Station bus connects all IEDs, HMI, engineering access, \"\n                    \"and WAN gateway on a single VLAN without segmentation.\"\n                ),\n                affected_systems=[\"All station bus devices\"],\n                nerc_cip_ref=\"CIP-005-7 R1 - ESP boundary\",\n                iec_62351_ref=\"IEC 62351-10 - Security architecture\",\n                remediation=(\n                    \"Segment station bus into VLANs: protection IEDs, \"\n                    \"measurement IEDs, station HMI, and WAN gateway.\"\n                ),\n            ))\n            self.counter += 1\n\n    def assess_remote_access(self, config):\n        \"\"\"Assess remote access security for substations.\"\"\"\n        if config.get(\"direct_vendor_access\"):\n            self.findings.append(SubstationFinding(\n                finding_id=f\"SUB-{self.counter:03d}\",\n                severity=\"critical\",\n                category=\"Remote Access\",\n                title=\"Direct Vendor Remote Access to Substation Without MFA\",\n                description=(\n                    \"Vendor support has direct VPN access to substation network \"\n                    \"without traversing an intermediate system or requiring MFA.\"\n                ),\n                affected_systems=[\"Substation WAN gateway\"],\n                nerc_cip_ref=\"CIP-005-7 R2 - Remote Access Management\",\n                iec_62351_ref=\"IEC 62351-8 - Role-based access control\",\n                remediation=(\n                    \"Route vendor access through corporate jump server with MFA. \"\n                    \"Implement session recording per CIP-005-7 R2.4.\"\n                ),\n            ))\n            self.counter += 1\n\n    def generate_report(self):\n        \"\"\"Generate substation assessment report.\"\"\"\n        report = []\n        report.append(\"=\" * 70)\n        report.append(f\"SUBSTATION CYBERSECURITY ASSESSMENT: {self.name}\")\n        report.append(f\"Date: {datetime.now().isoformat()}\")\n        report.append(\"=\" * 70)\n\n        for sev in [\"critical\", \"high\", \"medium\", \"low\"]:\n            findings = [f for f in self.findings if f.severity == sev]\n            if findings:\n                report.append(f\"\\n--- {sev.upper()} ({len(findings)}) ---\")\n                for f in findings:\n                    report.append(f\"  [{f.finding_id}] {f.title}\")\n                    report.append(f\"    {f.description[:100]}...\")\n                    report.append(f\"    NERC CIP: {f.nerc_cip_ref}\")\n                    report.append(f\"    Remediation: {f.remediation[:80]}...\")\n\n        return \"\\n\".join(report)\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    assessment = SubstationAssessment(\"Substation Alpha - 345kV\")\n\n    assessment.assess_iec61850_security({\n        \"goose_authentication\": False,\n        \"mms_authentication\": False,\n        \"station_bus_segmented\": False,\n        \"goose_publishers\": [\"SEL-411L-01\", \"SEL-411L-02\", \"SEL-487E-01\"],\n        \"mms_servers\": [\"SEL-3530-RTAC\", \"ABB-REF615-01\"],\n    })\n\n    assessment.assess_remote_access({\n        \"direct_vendor_access\": True,\n    })\n\n    print(assessment.generate_report())\n```\n\n## Key Concepts\n\n| Term | Definition |\n|------|------------|\n| IEC 61850 | International standard for communication networks and systems in substations, using GOOSE for protection signaling and MMS for SCADA data |\n| GOOSE | Generic Object Oriented Substation Event - multicast protocol for fast peer-to-peer protection signaling between IEDs (\u003C 4ms trip time) |\n| MMS | Manufacturing Message Specification - client\u002Fserver protocol for reading\u002Fwriting IED data and operating circuit breakers |\n| IEC 62351 | Security standard series for power system communication protocols providing authentication and encryption for IEC 61850, DNP3, and IEC 104 |\n| ICCP\u002FTASE.2 | Inter-Control Center Communications Protocol for data exchange between control centers of different utilities |\n| Synchrophasor (PMU) | Phasor Measurement Unit providing time-synchronized voltage\u002Fcurrent measurements at 30-60 samples\u002Fsecond for wide-area monitoring |\n\n## Tools & Systems\n\n- **Dragos Platform**: OT security platform with specific threat intelligence on power grid-targeting groups (ELECTRUM, KAMACITE)\n- **SEL-3620 Ethernet Security Gateway**: Substation security device providing encryption, access control, and intrusion detection\n- **GRIDsure**: Power grid cybersecurity assessment framework by Idaho National Laboratory\n- **Wireshark with IEC 61850 Dissector**: Protocol analysis for GOOSE and MMS traffic in substations\n\n## Output Format\n\n```\nPower Grid Cybersecurity Assessment Report\n=============================================\nFacility: [Name and Type]\nNERC Registration: [Entity ID]\nBES Impact Rating: [High\u002FMedium\u002FLow]\n\nSUBSTATION FINDINGS: [N]\nEMS\u002FSCADA FINDINGS: [N]\nCOMMUNICATION FINDINGS: [N]\n\nNERC CIP COMPLIANCE:\n  CIP-002: [Status]\n  CIP-005: [Status]\n  CIP-007: [Status]\n```\n",{"name":5,"tags":48,"author":55,"domain":29,"license":14,"version":56,"subdomain":57,"description":58},[49,50,51,52,53,30,31,54],"ot-security","ics","scada","industrial-control","iec62443","substation","mahipal","1.0.0","ot-ics-security","This skill covers conducting cybersecurity assessments of electric power grid infrastructure including generation facilities, transmission substations, distribution systems, and energy management system (EMS) control centers. It addresses NERC CIP compliance verification, substation automation security, IEC 61850 protocol analysis, synchrophasor (PMU) network security, and the unique threat landscape targeting power grid operations as demonstrated by Industroyer\u002FCrashOverride and related attacks.\n","master","3f5d983eb4ef375b749adcd6b07ec03bd82ae8a8","_universal\u002Fcybersecurity-skills\u002Fskills\u002Fperforming-power-grid-cybersecurity-assessment",0,"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp","2026-03-20 11:24:18",{"source":8,"skillName":5,"commands":67,"prompt":77,"zipAvailable":78},[68,71,74],{"tool":69,"command":70},"npx","npx skills add micsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills --skill performing-power-grid-cybersecurity-assessment",{"tool":72,"command":73},"bunx","bunx skills add micsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills --skill performing-power-grid-cybersecurity-assessment",{"tool":75,"command":76},"pnpm","pnpm dlx skills add micsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills --skill performing-power-grid-cybersecurity-assessment","安装技能，技能地址：https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002F_universal\u002Fcybersecurity-skills\u002Fskills\u002Fperforming-power-grid-cybersecurity-assessment\u002FSKILL.md",true,[80,85,91],{"path":81,"resourceType":81,"resourceTypeDesc":82,"sizeBytes":83,"sourceHtmlUrl":84},"LICENSE","许可证",11255,"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002F_universal\u002Fcybersecurity-skills\u002Fskills\u002Fperforming-power-grid-cybersecurity-assessment\u002FLICENSE",{"path":86,"resourceType":87,"resourceTypeDesc":88,"sizeBytes":89,"sourceHtmlUrl":90},"references\u002Fapi-reference.md","REFERENCE","参考文档",1432,"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002F_universal\u002Fcybersecurity-skills\u002Fskills\u002Fperforming-power-grid-cybersecurity-assessment\u002Freferences\u002Fapi-reference.md",{"path":92,"resourceType":93,"resourceTypeDesc":94,"sizeBytes":95,"sourceHtmlUrl":96},"scripts\u002Fagent.py","SCRIPT","脚本",7540,"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002F_universal\u002Fcybersecurity-skills\u002Fskills\u002Fperforming-power-grid-cybersecurity-assessment\u002Fscripts\u002Fagent.py",[98,133,161,182,201,226],{"skillNo":99,"name":100,"nameZh":6,"description":101,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":102,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":103,"categories":104,"keywords":113,"publishedAt":43},"01M6HBTJ02FXBFG9NYEHHYAP52","azure-apim-architecture","Analyzes and explains Azure API Management architecture decisions for enterprise API marketplace implementations using VNet Internal mode, Front Door, hybrid authentication, and multi-environment strategies. Use when discussing APIM component selection, network topology, cost optimization, or comparing alternatives like workspaces vs instances, VNet Internal vs External mode, or Front Door vs Application Gateway.","MIT","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fcopilot-agent-skills\u002F.github\u002Fskills\u002Fazure-apim-architecture\u002FSKILL.md",[105,108],{"categoryNo":106,"categoryName":107,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000010","后端与接口",{"categoryNo":109,"categoryName":110,"taxonomyType":111,"taxonomyTypeDesc":112},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000030","开发工程师","PROFESSION","适用职业",[114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,34,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132],"architecture","azure","azure apim architecture","component","authentication","gateway","topology","Optimization","api","team","environment","multi-environment","workspaces","instances","selection","strategies","azure api management","mode","for",{"skillNo":134,"name":135,"nameZh":6,"description":136,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":102,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":137,"categories":138,"keywords":145,"publishedAt":43},"01M6HBT7J4H082JEEA670B3EQ9","apiops-deployment","Guides deployment of Azure API Management infrastructure using Infrastructure as Code (Bicep\u002FTerraform), CI\u002FCD pipelines (GitHub Actions\u002FAzure DevOps), and APIOps workflows. Use when deploying APIM, creating pipelines, or implementing dev→test→prod promotion strategies.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fcopilot-agent-skills\u002F.github\u002Fskills\u002Fapiops-deployment\u002FSKILL.md",[139,140,143,144],{"categoryNo":106,"categoryName":107,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},{"categoryNo":141,"categoryName":142,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000011","运维与部署",{"categoryNo":18,"categoryName":19,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},{"categoryNo":109,"categoryName":110,"taxonomyType":111,"taxonomyTypeDesc":112},[146,147,148,149,115,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,122,123,129,157,158,130,159,160],"deployment","apiops deployment","workflows","azure devops","infrastructure","code","infrastructure as code","actions","ci","github actions","github-actions","as","guides","CI\u002FCD","implementing",{"skillNo":162,"name":163,"nameZh":6,"description":164,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":102,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":165,"categories":166,"keywords":168,"publishedAt":43},"01M6HBT2HEA23THNE9E00GYQBE","apim-policy-authoring","Creates production-ready Azure API Management policy XML for authentication (OAuth 2.0, JWT validation, subscription keys), rate limiting, CORS configuration, error handling, and API transformations. Use when implementing API security, access control, or request\u002Fresponse processing logic.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fcopilot-agent-skills\u002F.github\u002Fskills\u002Fapim-policy-authoring\u002FSKILL.md",[167],{"categoryNo":106,"categoryName":107,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},[169,170,171,172,115,118,122,123,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,130,180,181,160,132],"policy","authoring","apim policy authoring","security","access","use","ready","api security","Access Control","error","processing","cors configuration","production-ready",{"skillNo":183,"name":184,"nameZh":6,"description":185,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":102,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":186,"categories":187,"keywords":190,"publishedAt":43},"01M6HBSY65SB29J9WE9KYD0K6T","api-security-review","Reviews Azure API Management configurations for security vulnerabilities, OWASP API Security Top 10 compliance, VNet Internal mode validation, Private Link verification, and Azure Security Benchmark alignment. Use when performing security audits, pre-deployment validation, or compliance reviews.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fcopilot-agent-skills\u002F.github\u002Fskills\u002Fapi-security-review\u002FSKILL.md",[188,189],{"categoryNo":106,"categoryName":107,"taxonomyType":20,"taxonomyTypeDesc":21},{"categoryNo":109,"categoryName":110,"taxonomyType":111,"taxonomyTypeDesc":112},[191,172,192,122,176,193,115,146,194,38,195,196,123,197,130,198,199,200,131,132],"review","security review","api security review","benchmark","owasp","owasp-api","alignment","azure security","reviews","top",{"skillNo":202,"name":203,"nameZh":6,"description":204,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":102,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":205,"categories":206,"keywords":207,"publishedAt":43},"01M6HBSRW4PDFE6K4F8JYPZQ05","jira-cli","Interact with Jira from the command line to create, list, view, edit, and transition issues, manage sprints and epics, and perform common Jira workflows. Use when the user asks about Jira tasks, tickets, issues, sprints, or needs to manage project work items.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fawesome-copilot-agents\u002Fskills\u002Fjira-cli\u002FSKILL.md",[],[208,209,210,148,211,212,213,214,122,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225],"cli","jira","jira cli","init","tasks","create","issues","common","work","command","edit","list","view","project","project work","token","line","sprints",{"skillNo":227,"name":228,"nameZh":6,"description":229,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":6,"repositoryNo":12,"starsCount":13,"licenseSpdxId":102,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":230,"categories":231,"keywords":232,"publishedAt":43},"01M6HBSNS3JHMW603G47TWE31H","calculator","Performs arbitrary-precision arithmetic calculations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponents. Use when the user asks to calculate, compute, or evaluate math expressions, or when precise decimal arithmetic is needed to avoid floating-point errors.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fmicsapp\u002Fmicstec-skills\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcopilot-cli\u002Fawesome-copilot-agents\u002Fskills\u002Fcalculator\u002FSKILL.md",[],[228,233,234,235,236,237,238,174,239,240],"npm","js","calculate","node","math","user","compute","errors"]