[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"skill:01M6G2Q359YJRWAR2PFCEQAXF3":3,"skill-same:01M6G2Q359YJRWAR2PFCEQAXF3":67},{"skillNo":4,"name":5,"nameZh":6,"description":7,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":16,"categories":17,"keywords":18,"publishedAt":39,"linkOnly":40,"markdownContent":41,"markdownBody":42,"frontMatter":43,"refName":44,"commitSha":45,"skillDirectory":46,"forksCount":47,"repositoryHtmlUrl":48,"repositoryHomepageUrl":6,"ownerHtmlUrl":49,"ownerBlogUrl":50,"ownerDescription":51,"updatedAt":52,"install":53,"resources":66},"01M6G2Q359YJRWAR2PFCEQAXF3","swiftui-patterns",null,"SwiftUI architecture patterns, state management with @Observable, view composition, navigation, performance optimization, and modern iOS\u002FmacOS UI best practices.","oabdelmaksoud\u002FAgention","oabdelmaksoud","https:\u002F\u002Favatars.githubusercontent.com\u002Fu\u002F50699149?v=4","01M6D5CVVN778ZCDP1WHS816SP","Omar Abdelmaksoud","01M6D8A4TE76V3DCSH3D94VG1V",2,"MIT","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Foabdelmaksoud\u002FAgention\u002Fblob\u002Fmain\u002Fupstream-sync\u002Fwork\u002Fecc\u002Fskills\u002Fswiftui-patterns\u002FSKILL.md",[],[19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38],"patterns","swiftui patterns","swiftui","architecture patterns","with","navigation","swiftui architecture","management","view","performance optimization","Composition","macos","ios","Optimization","ui","state","best practices","state management","architecture","performance","2026-11-10 10:12:30",false,"---\nname: swiftui-patterns\ndescription: SwiftUI architecture patterns, state management with @Observable, view composition, navigation, performance optimization, and modern iOS\u002FmacOS UI best practices.\n---\n\n# SwiftUI Patterns\n\nModern SwiftUI patterns for building declarative, performant user interfaces on Apple platforms. Covers the Observation framework, view composition, type-safe navigation, and performance optimization.\n\n## When to Activate\n\n- Building SwiftUI views and managing state (`@State`, `@Observable`, `@Binding`)\n- Designing navigation flows with `NavigationStack`\n- Structuring view models and data flow\n- Optimizing rendering performance for lists and complex layouts\n- Working with environment values and dependency injection in SwiftUI\n\n## State Management\n\n### Property Wrapper Selection\n\nChoose the simplest wrapper that fits:\n\n| Wrapper | Use Case |\n|---------|----------|\n| `@State` | View-local value types (toggles, form fields, sheet presentation) |\n| `@Binding` | Two-way reference to parent's `@State` |\n| `@Observable` class + `@State` | Owned model with multiple properties |\n| `@Observable` class (no wrapper) | Read-only reference passed from parent |\n| `@Bindable` | Two-way binding to an `@Observable` property |\n| `@Environment` | Shared dependencies injected via `.environment()` |\n\n### @Observable ViewModel\n\nUse `@Observable` (not `ObservableObject`) — it tracks property-level changes so SwiftUI only re-renders views that read the changed property:\n\n```swift\n@Observable\nfinal class ItemListViewModel {\n    private(set) var items: [Item] = []\n    private(set) var isLoading = false\n    var searchText = \"\"\n\n    private let repository: any ItemRepository\n\n    init(repository: any ItemRepository = DefaultItemRepository()) {\n        self.repository = repository\n    }\n\n    func load() async {\n        isLoading = true\n        defer { isLoading = false }\n        items = (try? await repository.fetchAll()) ?? []\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### View Consuming the ViewModel\n\n```swift\nstruct ItemListView: View {\n    @State private var viewModel: ItemListViewModel\n\n    init(viewModel: ItemListViewModel = ItemListViewModel()) {\n        _viewModel = State(initialValue: viewModel)\n    }\n\n    var body: some View {\n        List(viewModel.items) { item in\n            ItemRow(item: item)\n        }\n        .searchable(text: $viewModel.searchText)\n        .overlay { if viewModel.isLoading { ProgressView() } }\n        .task { await viewModel.load() }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### Environment Injection\n\nReplace `@EnvironmentObject` with `@Environment`:\n\n```swift\n\u002F\u002F Inject\nContentView()\n    .environment(authManager)\n\n\u002F\u002F Consume\nstruct ProfileView: View {\n    @Environment(AuthManager.self) private var auth\n\n    var body: some View {\n        Text(auth.currentUser?.name ?? \"Guest\")\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## View Composition\n\n### Extract Subviews to Limit Invalidation\n\nBreak views into small, focused structs. When state changes, only the subview reading that state re-renders:\n\n```swift\nstruct OrderView: View {\n    @State private var viewModel = OrderViewModel()\n\n    var body: some View {\n        VStack {\n            OrderHeader(title: viewModel.title)\n            OrderItemList(items: viewModel.items)\n            OrderTotal(total: viewModel.total)\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### ViewModifier for Reusable Styling\n\n```swift\nstruct CardModifier: ViewModifier {\n    func body(content: Content) -> some View {\n        content\n            .padding()\n            .background(.regularMaterial)\n            .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12))\n    }\n}\n\nextension View {\n    func cardStyle() -> some View {\n        modifier(CardModifier())\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## Navigation\n\n### Type-Safe NavigationStack\n\nUse `NavigationStack` with `NavigationPath` for programmatic, type-safe routing:\n\n```swift\n@Observable\nfinal class Router {\n    var path = NavigationPath()\n\n    func navigate(to destination: Destination) {\n        path.append(destination)\n    }\n\n    func popToRoot() {\n        path = NavigationPath()\n    }\n}\n\nenum Destination: Hashable {\n    case detail(Item.ID)\n    case settings\n    case profile(User.ID)\n}\n\nstruct RootView: View {\n    @State private var router = Router()\n\n    var body: some View {\n        NavigationStack(path: $router.path) {\n            HomeView()\n                .navigationDestination(for: Destination.self) { dest in\n                    switch dest {\n                    case .detail(let id): ItemDetailView(itemID: id)\n                    case .settings: SettingsView()\n                    case .profile(let id): ProfileView(userID: id)\n                    }\n                }\n        }\n        .environment(router)\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## Performance\n\n### Use Lazy Containers for Large Collections\n\n`LazyVStack` and `LazyHStack` create views only when visible:\n\n```swift\nScrollView {\n    LazyVStack(spacing: 8) {\n        ForEach(items) { item in\n            ItemRow(item: item)\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### Stable Identifiers\n\nAlways use stable, unique IDs in `ForEach` — avoid using array indices:\n\n```swift\n\u002F\u002F Use Identifiable conformance or explicit id\nForEach(items, id: \\.stableID) { item in\n    ItemRow(item: item)\n}\n```\n\n### Avoid Expensive Work in body\n\n- Never perform I\u002FO, network calls, or heavy computation inside `body`\n- Use `.task {}` for async work — it cancels automatically when the view disappears\n- Use `.sensoryFeedback()` and `.geometryGroup()` sparingly in scroll views\n- Minimize `.shadow()`, `.blur()`, and `.mask()` in lists — they trigger offscreen rendering\n\n### Equatable Conformance\n\nFor views with expensive bodies, conform to `Equatable` to skip unnecessary re-renders:\n\n```swift\nstruct ExpensiveChartView: View, Equatable {\n    let dataPoints: [DataPoint] \u002F\u002F DataPoint must conform to Equatable\n\n    static func == (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Bool {\n        lhs.dataPoints == rhs.dataPoints\n    }\n\n    var body: some View {\n        \u002F\u002F Complex chart rendering\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## Previews\n\nUse `#Preview` macro with inline mock data for fast iteration:\n\n```swift\n#Preview(\"Empty state\") {\n    ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: EmptyMockRepository()))\n}\n\n#Preview(\"Loaded\") {\n    ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: PopulatedMockRepository()))\n}\n```\n\n## Anti-Patterns to Avoid\n\n- Using `ObservableObject` \u002F `@Published` \u002F `@StateObject` \u002F `@EnvironmentObject` in new code — migrate to `@Observable`\n- Putting async work directly in `body` or `init` — use `.task {}` or explicit load methods\n- Creating view models as `@State` inside child views that don't own the data — pass from parent instead\n- Using `AnyView` type erasure — prefer `@ViewBuilder` or `Group` for conditional views\n- Ignoring `Sendable` requirements when passing data to\u002Ffrom actors\n\n## References\n\nSee skill: `swift-actor-persistence` for actor-based persistence patterns.\nSee skill: `swift-protocol-di-testing` for protocol-based DI and testing with Swift Testing.\n","# SwiftUI Patterns\n\nModern SwiftUI patterns for building declarative, performant user interfaces on Apple platforms. Covers the Observation framework, view composition, type-safe navigation, and performance optimization.\n\n## When to Activate\n\n- Building SwiftUI views and managing state (`@State`, `@Observable`, `@Binding`)\n- Designing navigation flows with `NavigationStack`\n- Structuring view models and data flow\n- Optimizing rendering performance for lists and complex layouts\n- Working with environment values and dependency injection in SwiftUI\n\n## State Management\n\n### Property Wrapper Selection\n\nChoose the simplest wrapper that fits:\n\n| Wrapper | Use Case |\n|---------|----------|\n| `@State` | View-local value types (toggles, form fields, sheet presentation) |\n| `@Binding` | Two-way reference to parent's `@State` |\n| `@Observable` class + `@State` | Owned model with multiple properties |\n| `@Observable` class (no wrapper) | Read-only reference passed from parent |\n| `@Bindable` | Two-way binding to an `@Observable` property |\n| `@Environment` | Shared dependencies injected via `.environment()` |\n\n### @Observable ViewModel\n\nUse `@Observable` (not `ObservableObject`) — it tracks property-level changes so SwiftUI only re-renders views that read the changed property:\n\n```swift\n@Observable\nfinal class ItemListViewModel {\n    private(set) var items: [Item] = []\n    private(set) var isLoading = false\n    var searchText = \"\"\n\n    private let repository: any ItemRepository\n\n    init(repository: any ItemRepository = DefaultItemRepository()) {\n        self.repository = repository\n    }\n\n    func load() async {\n        isLoading = true\n        defer { isLoading = false }\n        items = (try? await repository.fetchAll()) ?? []\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### View Consuming the ViewModel\n\n```swift\nstruct ItemListView: View {\n    @State private var viewModel: ItemListViewModel\n\n    init(viewModel: ItemListViewModel = ItemListViewModel()) {\n        _viewModel = State(initialValue: viewModel)\n    }\n\n    var body: some View {\n        List(viewModel.items) { item in\n            ItemRow(item: item)\n        }\n        .searchable(text: $viewModel.searchText)\n        .overlay { if viewModel.isLoading { ProgressView() } }\n        .task { await viewModel.load() }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### Environment Injection\n\nReplace `@EnvironmentObject` with `@Environment`:\n\n```swift\n\u002F\u002F Inject\nContentView()\n    .environment(authManager)\n\n\u002F\u002F Consume\nstruct ProfileView: View {\n    @Environment(AuthManager.self) private var auth\n\n    var body: some View {\n        Text(auth.currentUser?.name ?? \"Guest\")\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## View Composition\n\n### Extract Subviews to Limit Invalidation\n\nBreak views into small, focused structs. When state changes, only the subview reading that state re-renders:\n\n```swift\nstruct OrderView: View {\n    @State private var viewModel = OrderViewModel()\n\n    var body: some View {\n        VStack {\n            OrderHeader(title: viewModel.title)\n            OrderItemList(items: viewModel.items)\n            OrderTotal(total: viewModel.total)\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### ViewModifier for Reusable Styling\n\n```swift\nstruct CardModifier: ViewModifier {\n    func body(content: Content) -> some View {\n        content\n            .padding()\n            .background(.regularMaterial)\n            .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12))\n    }\n}\n\nextension View {\n    func cardStyle() -> some View {\n        modifier(CardModifier())\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## Navigation\n\n### Type-Safe NavigationStack\n\nUse `NavigationStack` with `NavigationPath` for programmatic, type-safe routing:\n\n```swift\n@Observable\nfinal class Router {\n    var path = NavigationPath()\n\n    func navigate(to destination: Destination) {\n        path.append(destination)\n    }\n\n    func popToRoot() {\n        path = NavigationPath()\n    }\n}\n\nenum Destination: Hashable {\n    case detail(Item.ID)\n    case settings\n    case profile(User.ID)\n}\n\nstruct RootView: View {\n    @State private var router = Router()\n\n    var body: some View {\n        NavigationStack(path: $router.path) {\n            HomeView()\n                .navigationDestination(for: Destination.self) { dest in\n                    switch dest {\n                    case .detail(let id): ItemDetailView(itemID: id)\n                    case .settings: SettingsView()\n                    case .profile(let id): ProfileView(userID: id)\n                    }\n                }\n        }\n        .environment(router)\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## Performance\n\n### Use Lazy Containers for Large Collections\n\n`LazyVStack` and `LazyHStack` create views only when visible:\n\n```swift\nScrollView {\n    LazyVStack(spacing: 8) {\n        ForEach(items) { item in\n            ItemRow(item: item)\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### Stable Identifiers\n\nAlways use stable, unique IDs in `ForEach` — avoid using array indices:\n\n```swift\n\u002F\u002F Use Identifiable conformance or explicit id\nForEach(items, id: \\.stableID) { item in\n    ItemRow(item: item)\n}\n```\n\n### Avoid Expensive Work in body\n\n- Never perform I\u002FO, network calls, or heavy computation inside `body`\n- Use `.task {}` for async work — it cancels automatically when the view disappears\n- Use `.sensoryFeedback()` and `.geometryGroup()` sparingly in scroll views\n- Minimize `.shadow()`, `.blur()`, and `.mask()` in lists — they trigger offscreen rendering\n\n### Equatable Conformance\n\nFor views with expensive bodies, conform to `Equatable` to skip unnecessary re-renders:\n\n```swift\nstruct ExpensiveChartView: View, Equatable {\n    let dataPoints: [DataPoint] \u002F\u002F DataPoint must conform to Equatable\n\n    static func == (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Bool {\n        lhs.dataPoints == rhs.dataPoints\n    }\n\n    var body: some View {\n        \u002F\u002F Complex chart rendering\n    }\n}\n```\n\n## Previews\n\nUse `#Preview` macro with inline mock data for fast iteration:\n\n```swift\n#Preview(\"Empty state\") {\n    ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: EmptyMockRepository()))\n}\n\n#Preview(\"Loaded\") {\n    ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: PopulatedMockRepository()))\n}\n```\n\n## Anti-Patterns to Avoid\n\n- Using `ObservableObject` \u002F `@Published` \u002F `@StateObject` \u002F `@EnvironmentObject` in new code — migrate to `@Observable`\n- Putting async work directly in `body` or `init` — use `.task {}` or explicit load methods\n- Creating view models as `@State` inside child views that don't own the data — pass from parent instead\n- Using `AnyView` type erasure — prefer `@ViewBuilder` or `Group` for conditional views\n- Ignoring `Sendable` 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