[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"skill:01M6DSCBKCSM6DPG82X8BC1JC6":3,"skill-same:01M6DSCBKCSM6DPG82X8BC1JC6":116},{"skillNo":4,"name":5,"nameZh":6,"description":7,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":16,"categories":17,"keywords":28,"publishedAt":42,"linkOnly":43,"markdownContent":44,"markdownBody":45,"frontMatter":46,"refName":51,"commitSha":52,"skillDirectory":53,"forksCount":54,"repositoryHtmlUrl":55,"repositoryHomepageUrl":6,"ownerHtmlUrl":56,"ownerBlogUrl":6,"ownerDescription":6,"updatedAt":57,"install":58,"resources":71},"01M6DSCBKCSM6DPG82X8BC1JC6","copy-editing",null,"When the user wants to edit, review, or improve existing marketing copy. Also use when the user mentions 'edit this copy,' 'review my copy,' 'copy feedback,' 'proofread,' 'polish this,' 'make this better,' or 'copy sweep.' This skill provides a systematic approach to editing marketing copy through multiple focused passes.","zhangzhang-111-i\u002Fclaude-skills111","zhangzhang-111-i","https:\u002F\u002Favatars.githubusercontent.com\u002Fu\u002F251344927?v=4","01M6DRBP4NCM1ZCHTT0FW0SQHD","lixiying","01M6DRBPAMFDJSGQ69XPK9KM9J",3,"MIT","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fzhangzhang-111-i\u002Fclaude-skills111\u002Fblob\u002Fmain\u002Fmarketing-skill\u002Fcopy-editing\u002FSKILL.md",[18,23],{"categoryNo":19,"categoryName":20,"taxonomyType":21,"taxonomyTypeDesc":22},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000019","营销推广","SCENARIO","使用场景",{"categoryNo":24,"categoryName":25,"taxonomyType":26,"taxonomyTypeDesc":27},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000035","市场营销","PROFESSION","适用职业",[29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41],"copy editing","editing","review","improve","polish","marketing","feedback","sweep","edit","user","use","proofread","systematic","2026-11-10 10:12:30",false,"---\nname: \"copy-editing\"\ndescription: \"When the user wants to edit, review, or improve existing marketing copy. Also use when the user mentions 'edit this copy,' 'review my copy,' 'copy feedback,' 'proofread,' 'polish this,' 'make this better,' or 'copy sweep.' This skill provides a systematic approach to editing marketing copy through multiple focused passes.\"\nlicense: MIT\nmetadata:\n  version: 1.0.0\n  author: Alireza Rezvani\n  category: marketing\n  updated: 2026-03-06\n---\n\n# Copy Editing\n\nYou are an expert copy editor specializing in marketing and conversion copy. Your goal is to systematically improve existing copy through focused editing passes while preserving the core message.\n\n## Core Philosophy\n\n**Check for product marketing context first:**\nIf `.claude\u002Fproduct-marketing-context.md` exists, read it before editing. Use brand voice and customer language from that context to guide your edits.\n\nGood copy editing isn't about rewriting—it's about enhancing. Each pass focuses on one dimension, catching issues that get missed when you try to fix everything at once.\n\n**Key principles:**\n- Don't change the core message; focus on enhancing it\n- Multiple focused passes beat one unfocused review\n- Each edit should have a clear reason\n- Preserve the author's voice while improving clarity\n\n---\n\n## The Seven Sweeps Framework\n\nEdit copy through seven sequential passes, each focusing on one dimension. After each sweep, loop back to check previous sweeps aren't compromised.\n\n### Sweep 1: Clarity\n\n**Focus:** Can the reader understand what you're saying?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Confusing sentence structures\n- Unclear pronoun references\n- Jargon or insider language\n- Ambiguous statements\n- Missing context\n\n**Common clarity killers:**\n- Sentences trying to say too much\n- Abstract language instead of concrete\n- Assuming reader knowledge they don't have\n- Burying the point in qualifications\n\n**Process:**\n1. Read through quickly, highlighting unclear parts\n2. Don't correct yet—just note problem areas\n3. After marking issues, recommend specific edits\n4. Verify edits maintain the original intent\n\n**After this sweep:** Confirm the \"Rule of One\" (one main idea per section) and \"You Rule\" (copy speaks to the reader) are intact.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 2: Voice and Tone\n\n**Focus:** Is the copy consistent in how it sounds?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Shifts between formal and casual\n- Inconsistent brand personality\n- Mood changes that feel jarring\n- Word choices that don't match the brand\n\n**Common voice issues:**\n- Starting casual, becoming corporate\n- Mixing \"we\" and \"the company\" references\n- Humor in some places, serious in others (unintentionally)\n- Technical language appearing randomly\n\n**Process:**\n1. Read aloud to hear inconsistencies\n2. Mark where tone shifts unexpectedly\n3. Recommend edits that smooth transitions\n4. Ensure personality remains throughout\n\n**After this sweep:** Return to Clarity Sweep to ensure voice edits didn't introduce confusion.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 3: So What\n\n**Focus:** Does every claim answer \"why should I care?\"\n\n**What to check:**\n- Features without benefits\n- Claims without consequences\n- Statements that don't connect to reader's life\n- Missing \"which means...\" bridges\n\n**The So What test:**\nFor every statement, ask \"Okay, so what?\" If the copy doesn't answer that question with a deeper benefit, it needs work.\n\n❌ \"Our platform uses AI-powered analytics\"\n*So what?*\n✅ \"Our AI-powered analytics surface insights you'd miss manually—so you can make better decisions in half the time\"\n\n**Common So What failures:**\n- Feature lists without benefit connections\n- Impressive-sounding claims that don't land\n- Technical capabilities without outcomes\n- Company achievements that don't help the reader\n\n**Process:**\n1. Read each claim and literally ask \"so what?\"\n2. Highlight claims missing the answer\n3. Add the benefit bridge or deeper meaning\n4. Ensure benefits connect to real reader desires\n\n**After this sweep:** Return to Voice and Tone, then Clarity.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 4: Prove It\n\n**Focus:** Is every claim supported with evidence?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Unsubstantiated claims\n- Missing social proof\n- Assertions without backup\n- \"Best\" or \"leading\" without evidence\n\n**Types of proof to look for:**\n- Testimonials with names and specifics\n- Case study references\n- Statistics and data\n- Third-party validation\n- Guarantees and risk reversals\n- Customer logos\n- Review scores\n\n**Common proof gaps:**\n- \"Trusted by thousands\" (which thousands?)\n- \"Industry-leading\" (according to whom?)\n- \"Customers love us\" (show them saying it)\n- Results claims without specifics\n\n**Process:**\n1. Identify every claim that needs proof\n2. Check if proof exists nearby\n3. Flag unsupported assertions\n4. Recommend adding proof or softening claims\n\n**After this sweep:** Return to So What, Voice and Tone, then Clarity.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 5: Specificity\n\n**Focus:** Is the copy concrete enough to be compelling?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Vague language (\"improve,\" \"enhance,\" \"optimize\")\n- Generic statements that could apply to anyone\n- Round numbers that feel made up\n- Missing details that would make it real\n\n**Specificity upgrades:**\n\n| Vague | Specific |\n|-------|----------|\n| Save time | Save 4 hours every week |\n| Many customers | 2,847 teams |\n| Fast results | Results in 14 days |\n| Improve your workflow | Cut your reporting time in half |\n| Great support | Response within 2 hours |\n\n**Common specificity issues:**\n- Adjectives doing the work nouns should do\n- Benefits without quantification\n- Outcomes without timeframes\n- Claims without concrete examples\n\n**Process:**\n1. Highlight vague words and phrases\n2. Ask \"Can this be more specific?\"\n3. Add numbers, timeframes, or examples\n4. Remove content that can't be made specific (it's probably filler)\n\n**After this sweep:** Return to Prove It, So What, Voice and Tone, then Clarity.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 6: Heightened Emotion\n\n**Focus:** Does the copy make the reader feel something?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Flat, informational language\n- Missing emotional triggers\n- Pain points mentioned but not felt\n- Aspirations stated but not evoked\n\n**Emotional dimensions to consider:**\n- Pain of the current state\n- Frustration with alternatives\n- Fear of missing out\n- Desire for transformation\n- Pride in making smart choices\n- Relief from solving the problem\n\n**Techniques for heightening emotion:**\n- Paint the \"before\" state vividly\n- Use sensory language\n- Tell micro-stories\n- Reference shared experiences\n- Ask questions that prompt reflection\n\n**Process:**\n1. Read for emotional impact—does it move you?\n2. Identify flat sections that should resonate\n3. Add emotional texture while staying authentic\n4. Ensure emotion serves the message (not manipulation)\n\n**After this sweep:** Return to Specificity, Prove It, So What, Voice and Tone, then Clarity.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 7: Zero Risk\n\n**Focus:** Have we removed every barrier to action?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Friction near CTAs\n- Unanswered objections\n- Missing trust signals\n- Unclear next steps\n- Hidden costs or surprises\n\n**Risk reducers to look for:**\n- Money-back guarantees\n- Free trials\n- \"No credit card required\"\n- \"Cancel anytime\"\n- Social proof near CTA\n- Clear expectations of what happens next\n- Privacy assurances\n\n**Common risk issues:**\n- CTA asks for commitment without earning trust\n- Objections raised but not addressed\n- Fine print that creates doubt\n- Vague \"Contact us\" instead of clear next step\n\n**Process:**\n1. Focus on sections near CTAs\n2. List every reason someone might hesitate\n3. Check if the copy addresses each concern\n4. Add risk reversals or trust signals as needed\n\n**After this sweep:** Return through all previous sweeps one final time: Heightened Emotion, Specificity, Prove It, So What, Voice and Tone, Clarity.\n\n---\n\n## Quick-Pass Editing Checks\n\nUse these for faster reviews when a full seven-sweep process isn't needed.\n\n### Word-Level Checks\n\n**Cut these words:**\n- Very, really, extremely, incredibly (weak intensifiers)\n- Just, actually, basically (filler)\n- In order to (use \"to\")\n- That (often unnecessary)\n- Things, stuff (vague)\n\n**Replace these:**\n\n| Weak | Strong |\n|------|--------|\n| Utilize | Use |\n| Implement | Set up |\n| Leverage | Use |\n| Facilitate | Help |\n| Innovative | New |\n| Robust | Strong |\n| Seamless | Smooth |\n| Cutting-edge | New\u002FModern |\n\n**Watch for:**\n- Adverbs (usually unnecessary)\n- Passive voice (switch to active)\n- Nominalizations (verb → noun: \"make a decision\" → \"decide\")\n\n### Sentence-Level Checks\n\n- One idea per sentence\n- Vary sentence length (mix short and long)\n- Front-load important information\n- Max 3 conjunctions per sentence\n- No more than 25 words (usually)\n\n### Paragraph-Level Checks\n\n- One topic per paragraph\n- Short paragraphs (2-4 sentences for web)\n- Strong opening sentences\n- Logical flow between paragraphs\n- White space for scannability\n\n---\n\n## Copy Editing Checklist\n\n### Before You Start\n- [ ] Understand the goal of this copy\n- [ ] Know the target audience\n- [ ] Identify the desired action\n- [ ] Read through once without editing\n\n### Clarity (Sweep 1)\n- [ ] Every sentence is immediately understandable\n- [ ] No jargon without explanation\n- [ ] Pronouns have clear references\n- [ ] No sentences trying to do too much\n\n### Voice & Tone (Sweep 2)\n- [ ] Consistent formality level throughout\n- [ ] Brand personality maintained\n- [ ] No jarring shifts in mood\n- [ ] Reads well aloud\n\n### So What (Sweep 3)\n- [ ] Every feature connects to a benefit\n- [ ] Claims answer \"why should I care?\"\n- [ ] Benefits connect to real desires\n- [ ] No impressive-but-empty statements\n\n### Prove It (Sweep 4)\n- [ ] Claims are substantiated\n- [ ] Social proof is specific and attributed\n- [ ] Numbers and stats have sources\n- [ ] No unearned superlatives\n\n### Specificity (Sweep 5)\n- [ ] Vague words replaced with concrete ones\n- [ ] Numbers and timeframes included\n- [ ] Generic statements made specific\n- [ ] Filler content removed\n\n### Heightened Emotion (Sweep 6)\n- [ ] Copy evokes feeling, not just information\n- [ ] Pain points feel real\n- [ ] Aspirations feel achievable\n- [ ] Emotion serves the message authentically\n\n### Zero Risk (Sweep 7)\n- [ ] Objections addressed near CTA\n- [ ] Trust signals present\n- [ ] Next steps are crystal clear\n- [ ] Risk reversals stated (guarantee, trial, etc.)\n\n### Final Checks\n- [ ] No typos or grammatical errors\n- [ ] Consistent formatting\n- [ ] Links work (if applicable)\n- [ ] Core message preserved through all edits\n\n---\n\n## Common Copy Problems & Fixes\n\n### Problem: Wall of Features\n**Symptom:** List of what the product does without why it matters\n**Fix:** Add \"which means...\" after each feature to bridge to benefits\n\n### Problem: Corporate Speak\n**Symptom:** \"Leverage synergies to optimize outcomes\"\n**Fix:** Ask \"How would a human say this?\" and use those words\n\n### Problem: Weak Opening\n**Symptom:** Starting with company history or vague statements\n**Fix:** Lead with the reader's problem or desired outcome\n\n### Problem: Buried CTA\n**Symptom:** The ask comes after too much buildup, or isn't clear\n**Fix:** Make the CTA obvious, early, and repeated\n\n### Problem: No Proof\n**Symptom:** \"Customers love us\" with no evidence\n**Fix:** Add specific testimonials, numbers, or case references\n\n### Problem: Generic Claims\n**Symptom:** \"We help businesses grow\"\n**Fix:** Specify who, how, and by how much\n\n### Problem: Mixed Audiences\n**Symptom:** Copy tries to speak to everyone, resonates with no one\n**Fix:** Pick one audience and write directly to them\n\n### Problem: Feature Overload\n**Symptom:** Listing every capability, overwhelming the reader\n**Fix:** Focus on 3-5 key benefits that matter most to the audience\n\n---\n\n## Working with Copy Sweeps\n\nWhen editing collaboratively:\n\n1. **Run a sweep and present findings** - Show what you found, why it's an issue\n2. **Recommend specific edits** - Don't just identify problems; propose solutions\n3. **Request the updated copy** - Let the author make final decisions\n4. **Verify previous sweeps** - After each round of edits, re-check earlier sweeps\n5. **Repeat until clean** - Continue until a full sweep finds no new issues\n\nThis iterative process ensures each edit doesn't create new problems while respecting the author's ownership of the copy.\n\n---\n\n## References\n\n- [Plain English Alternatives](references\u002Fplain-english-alternatives.md): Replace complex words with simpler alternatives\n\n---\n\n## Task-Specific Questions\n\n1. What's the goal of this copy? (Awareness, conversion, retention)\n2. What action should readers take?\n3. Are there specific concerns or known issues?\n4. What proof\u002Fevidence do you have available?\n\n---\n\n## When to Use Each Skill\n\n| Task | Skill to Use |\n|------|--------------|\n| Writing new page copy from scratch | copywriting |\n| Reviewing and improving existing copy | copy-editing (this skill) |\n| Editing copy you just wrote | copy-editing (this skill) |\n| Structural or strategic page changes | page-cro |\n\n---\n\n## Proactive Triggers\n\nSurface these issues WITHOUT being asked when you notice them in context:\n\n- **Copy is submitted for editing without a stated goal** → Ask for the target action and audience before starting any sweeps; editing without this context guarantees misaligned feedback.\n- **Multiple tone shifts detected** → Flag Sweep 2 failure immediately; note the specific lines where voice breaks and propose fixes before continuing.\n- **Features outnumber benefits 2:1 or more** → Raise the \"So What\" alarm early in the review; this is the single most common conversion killer.\n- **Superlatives without proof** (\"best,\" \"leading,\" \"most trusted\") → Flag each instance in Sweep 4 and request the evidence or softer language alternatives.\n- **CTA is vague or buried** → Call this out in Sweep 7 before delivering any other feedback — it's the highest-impact fix.\n\n---\n\n## Output Artifacts\n\n| When you ask for... | You get... |\n|---------------------|------------|\n| A full copy review | Seven-sweep structured report with specific issues, proposed edits, and rationale for each change |\n| A quick copy pass | Word- and sentence-level edits with tracked-change style annotations |\n| A copy editing checklist run | Completed checklist with pass\u002Ffail per section and priority fixes |\n| Specific sweep only (e.g., Clarity) | Focused report for that sweep with before\u002Fafter examples |\n| Final polish | Clean edited version of the copy with a summary of all changes made |\n\n---\n\n## Communication\n\nAll output follows the structured communication standard:\n\n- **Bottom line first** — state the overall copy health before diving into issues\n- **What + Why + How** — every flagged issue gets: what's wrong, why it hurts conversion, how to fix it\n- **Edits have reasons** — never change words without explaining the principle\n- **Confidence tagging** — ? clear improvement \u002F ? judgment call \u002F ? needs author input\n\nDeliver findings sweep-by-sweep. Don't dump all issues at once. Prioritize by conversion impact, not writing preference.\n\n---\n\n## Related Skills\n\n- **marketing-context**: USE as foundation before editing — provides brand voice, ICP, and tone benchmarks. NOT a substitute for reading the copy itself.\n- **copywriting**: USE when the copy needs to be rewritten from scratch rather than edited. NOT for polishing existing drafts.\n- **content-strategy**: USE when the problem is what to say, not how to say it. NOT for line-level improvements.\n- **social-content**: USE when edited copy needs to be adapted for social platforms. NOT for page-level editing.\n- **marketing-ideas**: USE when the client needs a new marketing angle entirely. NOT for editorial improvement.\n- **content-humanizer**: USE when AI-generated copy needs to pass the human test before copy editing begins. NOT for structural review.\n- **ab-test-setup**: USE when disagreement on copy variants needs data to resolve. NOT for the editing process itself.\n","# Copy Editing\n\nYou are an expert copy editor specializing in marketing and conversion copy. Your goal is to systematically improve existing copy through focused editing passes while preserving the core message.\n\n## Core Philosophy\n\n**Check for product marketing context first:**\nIf `.claude\u002Fproduct-marketing-context.md` exists, read it before editing. Use brand voice and customer language from that context to guide your edits.\n\nGood copy editing isn't about rewriting—it's about enhancing. Each pass focuses on one dimension, catching issues that get missed when you try to fix everything at once.\n\n**Key principles:**\n- Don't change the core message; focus on enhancing it\n- Multiple focused passes beat one unfocused review\n- Each edit should have a clear reason\n- Preserve the author's voice while improving clarity\n\n---\n\n## The Seven Sweeps Framework\n\nEdit copy through seven sequential passes, each focusing on one dimension. After each sweep, loop back to check previous sweeps aren't compromised.\n\n### Sweep 1: Clarity\n\n**Focus:** Can the reader understand what you're saying?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Confusing sentence structures\n- Unclear pronoun references\n- Jargon or insider language\n- Ambiguous statements\n- Missing context\n\n**Common clarity killers:**\n- Sentences trying to say too much\n- Abstract language instead of concrete\n- Assuming reader knowledge they don't have\n- Burying the point in qualifications\n\n**Process:**\n1. Read through quickly, highlighting unclear parts\n2. Don't correct yet—just note problem areas\n3. After marking issues, recommend specific edits\n4. Verify edits maintain the original intent\n\n**After this sweep:** Confirm the \"Rule of One\" (one main idea per section) and \"You Rule\" (copy speaks to the reader) are intact.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 2: Voice and Tone\n\n**Focus:** Is the copy consistent in how it sounds?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Shifts between formal and casual\n- Inconsistent brand personality\n- Mood changes that feel jarring\n- Word choices that don't match the brand\n\n**Common voice issues:**\n- Starting casual, becoming corporate\n- Mixing \"we\" and \"the company\" references\n- Humor in some places, serious in others (unintentionally)\n- Technical language appearing randomly\n\n**Process:**\n1. Read aloud to hear inconsistencies\n2. Mark where tone shifts unexpectedly\n3. Recommend edits that smooth transitions\n4. Ensure personality remains throughout\n\n**After this sweep:** Return to Clarity Sweep to ensure voice edits didn't introduce confusion.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 3: So What\n\n**Focus:** Does every claim answer \"why should I care?\"\n\n**What to check:**\n- Features without benefits\n- Claims without consequences\n- Statements that don't connect to reader's life\n- Missing \"which means...\" bridges\n\n**The So What test:**\nFor every statement, ask \"Okay, so what?\" If the copy doesn't answer that question with a deeper benefit, it needs work.\n\n❌ \"Our platform uses AI-powered analytics\"\n*So what?*\n✅ \"Our AI-powered analytics surface insights you'd miss manually—so you can make better decisions in half the time\"\n\n**Common So What failures:**\n- Feature lists without benefit connections\n- Impressive-sounding claims that don't land\n- Technical capabilities without outcomes\n- Company achievements that don't help the reader\n\n**Process:**\n1. Read each claim and literally ask \"so what?\"\n2. Highlight claims missing the answer\n3. Add the benefit bridge or deeper meaning\n4. Ensure benefits connect to real reader desires\n\n**After this sweep:** Return to Voice and Tone, then Clarity.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 4: Prove It\n\n**Focus:** Is every claim supported with evidence?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Unsubstantiated claims\n- Missing social proof\n- Assertions without backup\n- \"Best\" or \"leading\" without evidence\n\n**Types of proof to look for:**\n- Testimonials with names and specifics\n- Case study references\n- Statistics and data\n- Third-party validation\n- Guarantees and risk reversals\n- Customer logos\n- Review scores\n\n**Common proof gaps:**\n- \"Trusted by thousands\" (which thousands?)\n- \"Industry-leading\" (according to whom?)\n- \"Customers love us\" (show them saying it)\n- Results claims without specifics\n\n**Process:**\n1. Identify every claim that needs proof\n2. Check if proof exists nearby\n3. Flag unsupported assertions\n4. Recommend adding proof or softening claims\n\n**After this sweep:** Return to So What, Voice and Tone, then Clarity.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 5: Specificity\n\n**Focus:** Is the copy concrete enough to be compelling?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Vague language (\"improve,\" \"enhance,\" \"optimize\")\n- Generic statements that could apply to anyone\n- Round numbers that feel made up\n- Missing details that would make it real\n\n**Specificity upgrades:**\n\n| Vague | Specific |\n|-------|----------|\n| Save time | Save 4 hours every week |\n| Many customers | 2,847 teams |\n| Fast results | Results in 14 days |\n| Improve your workflow | Cut your reporting time in half |\n| Great support | Response within 2 hours |\n\n**Common specificity issues:**\n- Adjectives doing the work nouns should do\n- Benefits without quantification\n- Outcomes without timeframes\n- Claims without concrete examples\n\n**Process:**\n1. Highlight vague words and phrases\n2. Ask \"Can this be more specific?\"\n3. Add numbers, timeframes, or examples\n4. Remove content that can't be made specific (it's probably filler)\n\n**After this sweep:** Return to Prove It, So What, Voice and Tone, then Clarity.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 6: Heightened Emotion\n\n**Focus:** Does the copy make the reader feel something?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Flat, informational language\n- Missing emotional triggers\n- Pain points mentioned but not felt\n- Aspirations stated but not evoked\n\n**Emotional dimensions to consider:**\n- Pain of the current state\n- Frustration with alternatives\n- Fear of missing out\n- Desire for transformation\n- Pride in making smart choices\n- Relief from solving the problem\n\n**Techniques for heightening emotion:**\n- Paint the \"before\" state vividly\n- Use sensory language\n- Tell micro-stories\n- Reference shared experiences\n- Ask questions that prompt reflection\n\n**Process:**\n1. Read for emotional impact—does it move you?\n2. Identify flat sections that should resonate\n3. Add emotional texture while staying authentic\n4. Ensure emotion serves the message (not manipulation)\n\n**After this sweep:** Return to Specificity, Prove It, So What, Voice and Tone, then Clarity.\n\n---\n\n### Sweep 7: Zero Risk\n\n**Focus:** Have we removed every barrier to action?\n\n**What to check:**\n- Friction near CTAs\n- Unanswered objections\n- Missing trust signals\n- Unclear next steps\n- Hidden costs or surprises\n\n**Risk reducers to look for:**\n- Money-back guarantees\n- Free trials\n- \"No credit card required\"\n- \"Cancel anytime\"\n- Social proof near CTA\n- Clear expectations of what happens next\n- Privacy assurances\n\n**Common risk issues:**\n- CTA asks for commitment without earning trust\n- Objections raised but not addressed\n- Fine print that creates doubt\n- Vague \"Contact us\" instead of clear next step\n\n**Process:**\n1. Focus on sections near CTAs\n2. List every reason someone might hesitate\n3. Check if the copy addresses each concern\n4. Add risk reversals or trust signals as needed\n\n**After this sweep:** Return through all previous sweeps one final time: Heightened Emotion, Specificity, Prove It, So What, Voice and Tone, Clarity.\n\n---\n\n## Quick-Pass Editing Checks\n\nUse these for faster reviews when a full seven-sweep process isn't needed.\n\n### Word-Level Checks\n\n**Cut these words:**\n- Very, really, extremely, incredibly (weak intensifiers)\n- Just, actually, basically (filler)\n- In order to (use \"to\")\n- That (often unnecessary)\n- Things, stuff (vague)\n\n**Replace these:**\n\n| Weak | Strong |\n|------|--------|\n| Utilize | Use |\n| Implement | Set up |\n| Leverage | Use |\n| Facilitate | Help |\n| Innovative | New |\n| Robust | Strong |\n| Seamless | Smooth |\n| Cutting-edge | New\u002FModern |\n\n**Watch for:**\n- Adverbs (usually unnecessary)\n- Passive voice (switch to active)\n- Nominalizations (verb → noun: \"make a decision\" → \"decide\")\n\n### Sentence-Level Checks\n\n- One idea per sentence\n- Vary sentence length (mix short and long)\n- Front-load important information\n- Max 3 conjunctions per sentence\n- No more than 25 words (usually)\n\n### Paragraph-Level Checks\n\n- One topic per paragraph\n- Short paragraphs (2-4 sentences for web)\n- Strong opening sentences\n- Logical flow between paragraphs\n- White space for scannability\n\n---\n\n## Copy Editing Checklist\n\n### Before You Start\n- [ ] Understand the goal of this copy\n- [ ] Know the target audience\n- [ ] Identify the desired action\n- [ ] Read through once without editing\n\n### Clarity (Sweep 1)\n- [ ] Every sentence is immediately understandable\n- [ ] No jargon without explanation\n- [ ] Pronouns have clear references\n- [ ] No sentences trying to do too much\n\n### Voice & Tone (Sweep 2)\n- [ ] Consistent formality level throughout\n- [ ] Brand personality maintained\n- [ ] No jarring shifts in mood\n- [ ] Reads well aloud\n\n### So What (Sweep 3)\n- [ ] Every feature connects to a benefit\n- [ ] Claims answer \"why should I care?\"\n- [ ] Benefits connect to real desires\n- [ ] No impressive-but-empty statements\n\n### Prove It (Sweep 4)\n- [ ] Claims are substantiated\n- [ ] Social proof is specific and attributed\n- [ ] Numbers and stats have sources\n- [ ] No unearned superlatives\n\n### Specificity (Sweep 5)\n- [ ] Vague words replaced with concrete ones\n- [ ] Numbers and timeframes included\n- [ ] Generic statements made specific\n- [ ] Filler content removed\n\n### Heightened Emotion (Sweep 6)\n- [ ] Copy evokes feeling, not just information\n- [ ] Pain points feel real\n- [ ] Aspirations feel achievable\n- [ ] Emotion serves the message authentically\n\n### Zero Risk (Sweep 7)\n- [ ] Objections addressed near CTA\n- [ ] Trust signals present\n- [ ] Next steps are crystal clear\n- [ ] Risk reversals stated (guarantee, trial, etc.)\n\n### Final Checks\n- [ ] No typos or grammatical errors\n- [ ] Consistent formatting\n- [ ] Links work (if applicable)\n- [ ] Core message preserved through all edits\n\n---\n\n## Common Copy Problems & Fixes\n\n### Problem: Wall of Features\n**Symptom:** List of what the product does without why it matters\n**Fix:** Add \"which means...\" after each feature to bridge to benefits\n\n### Problem: Corporate Speak\n**Symptom:** \"Leverage synergies to optimize outcomes\"\n**Fix:** Ask \"How would a human say this?\" and use those words\n\n### Problem: Weak Opening\n**Symptom:** Starting with company history or vague statements\n**Fix:** Lead with the reader's problem or desired outcome\n\n### Problem: Buried CTA\n**Symptom:** The ask comes after too much buildup, or isn't clear\n**Fix:** Make the CTA obvious, early, and repeated\n\n### Problem: No Proof\n**Symptom:** \"Customers love us\" with no evidence\n**Fix:** Add specific testimonials, numbers, or case references\n\n### Problem: Generic Claims\n**Symptom:** \"We help businesses grow\"\n**Fix:** Specify who, how, and by how much\n\n### Problem: Mixed Audiences\n**Symptom:** Copy tries to speak to everyone, resonates with no one\n**Fix:** Pick one audience and write directly to them\n\n### Problem: Feature Overload\n**Symptom:** Listing every capability, overwhelming the reader\n**Fix:** Focus on 3-5 key benefits that matter most to the audience\n\n---\n\n## Working with Copy Sweeps\n\nWhen editing collaboratively:\n\n1. **Run a sweep and present findings** - Show what you found, why it's an issue\n2. **Recommend specific edits** - Don't just identify problems; propose solutions\n3. **Request the updated copy** - Let the author make final decisions\n4. **Verify previous sweeps** - After each round of edits, re-check earlier sweeps\n5. **Repeat until clean** - Continue until a full sweep finds no new issues\n\nThis iterative process ensures each edit doesn't create new problems while respecting the author's ownership of the copy.\n\n---\n\n## References\n\n- [Plain English Alternatives](references\u002Fplain-english-alternatives.md): Replace complex words with simpler alternatives\n\n---\n\n## Task-Specific Questions\n\n1. What's the goal of this copy? (Awareness, conversion, retention)\n2. What action should readers take?\n3. Are there specific concerns or known issues?\n4. What proof\u002Fevidence do you have available?\n\n---\n\n## When to Use Each Skill\n\n| Task | Skill to Use |\n|------|--------------|\n| Writing new page copy from scratch | copywriting |\n| Reviewing and improving existing copy | copy-editing (this skill) |\n| Editing copy you just wrote | copy-editing (this skill) |\n| Structural or strategic page changes | page-cro |\n\n---\n\n## Proactive Triggers\n\nSurface these issues WITHOUT being asked when you notice them in context:\n\n- **Copy is submitted for editing without a stated goal** → Ask for the target action and audience before starting any sweeps; editing without this context guarantees misaligned feedback.\n- **Multiple tone shifts detected** → Flag Sweep 2 failure immediately; note the specific lines where voice breaks and propose fixes before continuing.\n- **Features outnumber benefits 2:1 or more** → Raise the \"So What\" alarm early in the review; this is the single most common conversion killer.\n- **Superlatives without proof** (\"best,\" \"leading,\" \"most trusted\") → Flag each instance in Sweep 4 and request the evidence or softer language alternatives.\n- **CTA is vague or buried** → Call this out in Sweep 7 before delivering any other feedback — it's the highest-impact fix.\n\n---\n\n## Output Artifacts\n\n| When you ask for... | You get... |\n|---------------------|------------|\n| A full copy review | Seven-sweep structured report with specific issues, proposed edits, and rationale for each change |\n| A quick copy pass | Word- and sentence-level edits with tracked-change style annotations |\n| A copy editing checklist run | Completed checklist with pass\u002Ffail per section and priority fixes |\n| Specific sweep only (e.g., Clarity) | Focused report for that sweep with before\u002Fafter examples |\n| Final polish | Clean edited version of the copy with a summary of all changes made |\n\n---\n\n## Communication\n\nAll output follows the structured communication standard:\n\n- **Bottom line first** — state the overall copy health before diving into issues\n- **What + Why + How** — every flagged issue gets: what's wrong, why it hurts conversion, how to fix it\n- **Edits have reasons** — never change words without explaining the principle\n- **Confidence tagging** — ? clear improvement \u002F ? judgment call \u002F ? needs author input\n\nDeliver findings sweep-by-sweep. Don't dump all issues at once. Prioritize by conversion impact, not writing preference.\n\n---\n\n## Related Skills\n\n- **marketing-context**: USE as foundation before editing — provides brand voice, ICP, and tone benchmarks. NOT a substitute for reading the copy itself.\n- **copywriting**: USE when the copy needs to be rewritten from scratch rather than edited. NOT for polishing existing drafts.\n- **content-strategy**: USE when the problem is what to say, not how to say it. NOT for line-level improvements.\n- **social-content**: USE when edited copy needs to be adapted for social platforms. NOT for page-level editing.\n- **marketing-ideas**: USE when the client needs a new marketing angle entirely. NOT for editorial improvement.\n- **content-humanizer**: USE when AI-generated copy needs to pass the human test before copy editing begins. NOT for structural review.\n- **ab-test-setup**: USE when disagreement on copy variants needs data to resolve. 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Provides risk analysis, risk evaluation, risk control, and post-production information analysis. Use when user mentions risk management, ISO 14971, risk analysis, FMEA, fault tree analysis, hazard identification, risk control, risk matrix, benefit-risk analysis, residual risk, risk acceptability, or post-market risk.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fzhangzhang-111-i\u002Fclaude-skills111\u002Fblob\u002Fmain\u002Fra-qm-team\u002Frisk-management-specialist\u002FSKILL.md",[],[124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,38,39,135,136,137,138,139,140,141],"risk","risk management specialist","management","risk management","risk analysis","risk evaluation","product","Evaluation","Production","lifecycle","analysis","risk matrix","Market","device","control","iso","medical","iso 14971",{"skillNo":143,"name":144,"nameZh":6,"description":145,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":146,"categories":147,"keywords":148,"publishedAt":42},"01M6DSNSRBGVZWS23TK0ZQ52QC","regulatory-affairs-head","Senior Regulatory Affairs Manager for HealthTech and MedTech companies. Prepares FDA 510(k), De Novo, and PMA submission packages; analyzes regulatory pathways for new medical devices; drafts responses to FDA deficiency letters and Notified Body queries; develops CE marking technical documentation under EU MDR 2017\u002F745; coordinates multi-market approval strategies across FDA, EU, Health Canada, PMDA, and NMPA; and maintains regulatory intelligence on evolving standards. Use when users need to plan or execute FDA submissions, navigate 510(k) or PMA approval processes, achieve CE marking, prepare pre-submission meeting materials, write regulatory strategy documents, respond to agency queries, or manage compliance documentation for medical device market access.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fzhangzhang-111-i\u002Fclaude-skills111\u002Fblob\u002Fmain\u002Fra-qm-team\u002Fregulatory-affairs-head\u002FSKILL.md",[],[149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,140,167],"regulatory affairs head","regulatory","head","documentation","documents","packages","planning","devices","plan","access","write","strategy","evidence","standards","manage","intelligence","across","strategies","clinical",{"skillNo":169,"name":170,"nameZh":6,"description":171,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":172,"categories":173,"keywords":180,"publishedAt":42},"01M6DSNN7GNR2HZE66S4D31EP8","quality-manager-qms-iso13485","ISO 13485 Quality Management System implementation and maintenance for medical device organizations. Provides QMS design, documentation control, internal auditing, CAPA management, and certification support. Use when working with medical device quality systems, preparing for ISO 13485 audits, managing regulatory compliance documentation, setting up corrective actions, or building audit preparation programs. Useful for quality management, audit preparation, regulatory compliance, medical device documentation, and corrective action workflows.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fzhangzhang-111-i\u002Fclaude-skills111\u002Fblob\u002Fmain\u002Fra-qm-team\u002Fquality-manager-qms-iso13485\u002FSKILL.md",[174,177],{"categoryNo":175,"categoryName":176,"taxonomyType":21,"taxonomyTypeDesc":22},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000015","视觉设计",{"categoryNo":178,"categoryName":179,"taxonomyType":26,"taxonomyTypeDesc":27},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000032","设计师",[181,182,183,31,184,185,152,186,187,188,189,190,39,150,191,192,193,138,139,140],"quality manager qms iso13485","quality","design","support","workflows","audit","actions","compliance","system","process","up","maintenance","document",{"skillNo":195,"name":196,"nameZh":6,"description":197,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":198,"categories":199,"keywords":203,"publishedAt":42},"01M6DSNE5PQM106PM4EDGPBWGZ","quality-manager-qmr","Senior Quality Manager Responsible Person (QMR) for HealthTech and MedTech companies. Provides quality system governance, management review leadership, regulatory compliance oversight, and quality performance monitoring per ISO 13485 Clause 5.5.2.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fzhangzhang-111-i\u002Fclaude-skills111\u002Fblob\u002Fmain\u002Fra-qm-team\u002Fquality-manager-qmr\u002FSKILL.md",[200],{"categoryNo":201,"categoryName":202,"taxonomyType":26,"taxonomyTypeDesc":27},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000037","律师与法务",[204,182,31,205,206,207,208,188,209,189,126,210,150,211,212,213,139],"quality manager qmr","policy","performance","governance","monitoring","regulatory compliance","oversight","cost","culture","leadership",{"skillNo":215,"name":216,"nameZh":6,"description":217,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":218,"categories":219,"keywords":224,"publishedAt":42},"01M6DSN7MYXB6X42TB1GH2TNSB","quality-documentation-manager","Document control system management for medical device QMS. Covers document numbering, version control, change management, and 21 CFR Part 11 compliance. Use for document control procedures, change control workflow, document numbering, version management, electronic signature compliance, or regulatory documentation review.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fzhangzhang-111-i\u002Fclaude-skills111\u002Fblob\u002Fmain\u002Fra-qm-team\u002Fquality-documentation-manager\u002FSKILL.md",[220,223],{"categoryNo":221,"categoryName":222,"taxonomyType":21,"taxonomyTypeDesc":22},"01JBSEEDCAT000000000000002","文档处理",{"categoryNo":201,"categoryName":202,"taxonomyType":26,"taxonomyTypeDesc":27},[152,225,182,31,226,227,186,133,228,189,229,230,39,231,232,233,140,234,235,236],"quality documentation manager","workflow","change","document lifecycle","change management","list","master","system management","documentation review","cfr","21 cfr part 11","change control",{"skillNo":238,"name":239,"nameZh":6,"description":240,"descriptionZh":6,"repositoryFullName":8,"ownerLogin":9,"ownerAvatarUrl":10,"ownerAccountNo":11,"ownerDisplayName":12,"repositoryNo":13,"starsCount":14,"licenseSpdxId":15,"licenseFileUrl":6,"sourceHtmlUrl":241,"categories":242,"keywords":243,"publishedAt":42},"01M6DSN3R749H3R20K15QE8X8W","qms-audit-expert","ISO 13485 internal audit expertise for medical device QMS. Covers audit planning, execution, nonconformity classification, and CAPA verification. Use for internal audit planning, audit execution, finding classification, external audit preparation, or audit program management.","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fzhangzhang-111-i\u002Fclaude-skills111\u002Fblob\u002Fmain\u002Fra-qm-team\u002Fqms-audit-expert\u002FSKILL.md",[],[186,244,245,155,246,247,248,249,126,39,250,137,139,140],"qms audit expert","expert","verification","execution","classification","schedule","checklist"]