cell-biology

What I do

• Study cell structure, organization, and function
• Investigate cell signaling and communication
• Analyze cell division and cycle regulation
• Research organelle function and dynamics
• Study cell death pathways (apoptosis, necrosis)
• Investigate stem cells and differentiation

When to use me

• When studying cell morphology and organization
• When analyzing cell signaling pathways
• When investigating cell cycle regulation
• When researching cancer cell biology
• When studying cellular responses to stimuli
• When working with cell culture systems

Key Concepts

Cell Structure

Major Organelles

• Nucleus: DNA storage, transcription, replication
• Mitochondria: Energy production (ATP)
• Endoplasmic Reticulum: Protein folding (RER), lipid synthesis (SER)
• Golgi Apparatus: Protein modification and sorting
• Lysosomes: Cellular digestion
• Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis (plant cells)

Cell Cycle Regulation

# Example: Cell cycle phases
cell_cycle_phases = {
    'G1': 'Cell growth and preparation',
    'S': 'DNA replication',
    'G2': 'Growth and preparation for mitosis',
    'M': 'Mitotic division (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)'
}

# Key regulators
cyclins = ['Cyclin D', 'Cyclin E', 'Cyclin A', 'Cyclin B']
cdks = ['CDK4/6', 'CDK2', 'CDK2', 'CDK1']

Signaling Pathways

• Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK)
• G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR)
• Intracellular receptors (steroid hormones)
• Second messengers (cAMP, Ca²⁺, IP₃)
• MAPK/ERK pathway
• PI3K/Akt pathway
• JAK-STAT signaling